Identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from infants and children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Moyo, Sabrina John; Maselle, Samwel Y.; Matee, Mecky; Langeland, Nina; Mylvaganam, Haima

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-92

Cited by 137 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is higher than prevalence rates mentioned in similar reports from Thailand (3.2 %) and Tanzania (4.6 %) and lower than those mentioned in reports from Vietnam (6.6 %) and Kuwait (8.4 %) (Ratchtrachenchai et al, 2004;Nguyen et al, 2005;Moyo et al, 2007; Albert et al, 2009). However, EPEC rates vary greatly among different countries (Robins-Browne et al, 2004;Al-Gallas et al, 2007), which may reflect geographical specificities and other factors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

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Molecular analysis of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea

Nakhjavani

Emaneini

Hosseini

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Diarrhoea continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among infants and children in developing countries. To investigate the incidence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic relationships of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in children with diarrhoea, a total of 612 stool specimens were collected in Tehran, Iran, and cultured to isolate strains of EPEC. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The presence of eae, stx and bfp-A genes was determined by PCR. The genetic relationships between EPEC isolates were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Out of the 412 strains of E. coli obtained from 612 diarrhoeal stool specimens, 23 (5.6 %) were identified as EPEC, of which seven (30.4 %) were classified as typical strains of EPEC and 16 (69.6 %) were classified as atypical. Out of the 23 EPEC isolates, 69.5 % were resistant to ampicillin, 39.1 % were resistant to tetracycline and cotrimoxazole, 30.4 % were resistant to cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and aztreonam, and 26.1 % were resistant to imipenem. The isolates were classified into 21 pulsotypes by PFGE profiles. The present study shows that typical and atypical EPEC isolates displayed considerable heterogeneity in PFGE profiles and EPEC infections were only sporadic in Tehran. Overall 69 % of isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. INTRODUCTIONEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of the major causes of diarrhoea among children in developing countries (Hernandes et al., 2009;Moura et al., 2009). The pathogenesis of EPEC depends on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), a chromosomal pathogenicity island. The LEE contains a number of different genes, including eae, which has an essential role in inducing a characteristic lesion formation in the intestinal epithelium, termed an attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion (Elliott et al., 1998;Vallance & Finlay 2000;Kaper et al., 2004). The eae gene encodes intimin, a 94 kDa outer-membrane protein that is responsible for the intimate adherence between bacterial and enterocyte membranes (Vallance & Finlay, 2000;Trabulsi et al., 2002). EPEC strains are classified as typical or atypical, according to the presence or absence of the E. coli adherence factor plasmid (EAF) that carries the bfpA gene, which encodes the bundle-forming pili (Hernandes et al., 2009). The most typical EPEC strains belong to the classic O : H serotypes and are eae-and bfpA-positive (Ochoa et al., 2008). The atypical EPEC isolates are eaepositive and bfpA-and stx (the gene encoding shiga-like toxin)-negative. EPEC are among the most important pathogens infecting children under 2 years of age in the developing world (Ochoa et al., 2008). Recent studies indicate that atypical EPEC is more prevalent than typical Abbreviations: EPEC, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; LEE, locus of enterocyte effacement; PFGE, pulsed-field gel electrophore...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Based on these data and the results of several recent studies, the prevalence of atypical EPEC seems to be on the rise (Afset et al, 2003;Nguyen et al, 2006;Albert et al, 2009). The role of atypical EPEC in childhood diarrhoea, however, still remains controversial (Moyo et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea

Nakhjavani

Emaneini

Hosseini

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Results of this study show an abundance of typical rather than atypical EAEC among diarrheic Libyan children, as reported elsewhere. 47,48 Previous studies have reported that astA (EAST1) is not restricted to EAEC isolates and is significantly associated with diarrhea. 49,50 Furthermore it has been observed that, in addition to toxin EAST1, pet (Pet) seems to be common in the E. coli population and not restricted to EAEC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Libya

Ali¹,

Kamel²,

Klena³

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are important enteric pathogens that cause a wide variety of gastrointestinal diseases, particularly in children. Escherichia coli isolates cultured from 243 diarrheal stool samples obtained from Libyan children and 50 water samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genes characteristic of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). The DEC were detected in 21 (8.6%) children with diarrhea; 10 (4.1%) cases were identified as EAEC, 3 (1.2%) as EPEC, and 8 (3.3%) were ETEC; EHEC, and EIEC were not detected. All DEC were grouped phylogenetically by PCR with the majority ( 70%) identified as phylogenetic groups A and B1. The EAEC isolates were also tested for eight genes associated with virulence using PCR. Multi-virulence ( 3 virulence factors) was found in 50% of EAEC isolates. Isolated EAEC possessed different virulence traits and belonged to different phylogenetic groups indicating their heterogeneity.

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“…Diarrheal disease is still a major health problem, especially in developing countries, where it is considered as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality especially in children. Among the bacterial pathogens, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is one of the important etiological agents of diarrhea (Blanco et al, 2005;Moyo et al, 2007;Asadi et al, 2010). Commensal Escherichia coli, which was discovered in 1885, is the predominant facultative anaerobe of the human gut microbiota (Lai et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaves against Escherichia coli in Experimentally Infected Rats

Ibrahim¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| The present study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Ocimum basilicum against infectious diarrhea caused by E. coli. Two experiments were performed in this present study; the first one is in vitro antibacterial activity of Ocimum basilicum ethanolic extract. The second experiment included study in vivo antibacterial activity of the extract after inducing diarrhea with oral pathogenic E. coli in five rats groups (eight rats of each). The results of the in vitro antibacterial study showed that E. coli was more sensitive to ethanolic extract of O.B in comparison with Gentamicin and Amikacin and it was resistant to the metronidazole, but E. coli was more sensitive to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole. Two doses of O.B extract 100, 200 mg/kg. BW were used to treat this infection for fourteen days orally. The results of the in vivo study indicated that doses of 200 mg/kg BW O.B extract and 6.85 mg/kg. BW of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole were succeeded in returning the rectal E. coli count of infected rats to normal values before inducing infection in both kinds of therapy at the first week. Food intake, water intake and body weight significantly (P < 0.05) increased in comparison with others doses or groups. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that ethanolic extract of O.B leaves at dose 200 mg/kg. BW was more effective and safe in comparison with antibacterial agent and other O.B dose, this anti-diarrheal activity of O.B ethanolic extract may be due to its constituents of secondary metabolites that are responsible for the antibacterial activity with different mechanisms of action.

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Identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from infants and children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Cited by 137 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular analysis of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea

Molecular analysis of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea

Molecular Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Libya

In vitro and in vivo Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaves against Escherichia coli in Experimentally Infected Rats

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