Identification of Cerebral Infarction-Specific Antibody Markers from Autoantibodies Detected in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which may be caused by development of the autoantibodies. On the other hand, SLE is a high-risk group of atherosclerosis, so it is possible that some of autoantibodies in SLE are the result of atherosclerosis-related diseases such as cerebral infarction (CI), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Association of serum levels of antibodies against MMP1, CBX1, and CBX5 with transient ischemic attack and cerebral infarction

“…Blood biochemistry was also assessed as previously described [17, 40-43], including white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and glycated hemoglobin. A total of 357 specimens were examined, including 123 specimens obtained from HDs, 77 from TIA patients, and 157 from aCI patients.…”

“…Therefore, the antibodies that were specifically detected in patients immediately after onset of CI were probably present prior to the disease. Consequently, these antibodies have been suggested to be predictive markers for the onset of CI [16, 17, 40, 41]. If this is the case, the levels of these autoantibodies may increase at the stage of TIA, which is frequently a warning for CI [5-9].…”

“…Subsequently, anti-human IgG-conjugated acceptor beads (2.5 μL, 40 μg/mL) and glutathione-conjugated donor beads (2.5 μL, 40 μg/mL) were added, and the mixture incubated for 7-14 days at room temperature in the dark. The chemical emission was read on an EnSpire Alpha microplate reader (Perkin Elmer), as previously described [17, 39, 40-45]. Specific reactions were calculated by subtracting the Alpha values (Alpha counts) of the GST control from those of GST fusion proteins.…”

“…Similar expression cloning was also applied to autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Kawasaki disease, Behçet’s disease, and multiple sclerosis [36-39]. We used SEREX for atherosclerosis-related diseases and identified antibodies against RPA2 [16] and SOSTDC1 [40] in ischemic stroke, TUBB2C [41] and adiponectin in DM [22], and ATP2B4, BMP-1 [17], DHPS [42], SH3BP5 [43], GADD34 [44], and PRCP [45] in arteriosclerosis-related diseases. In the present study, we performed SEREX screening using sera from TIA patients to identify specific and novel biomarkers of TIA with the aim of early detection of TIA as well as prediction of CI onset.…”

Serum anti-SERPINE1 antibody as a potential biomarker of acute cerebral infarction

“…The mixture was incubated further for 7–21 days at room temperature in the dark. On days 7, 14, and 21, chemiluminescence was read on an EnSpire Alpha microplate reader (Perkin Elmer) as previously described 12 , 20 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 31 – 34 . The results measured on day 14, when the specific response was highest, were used in the analysis.…”