Identification of candidate pelagic marine protected areas through a seabird seasonal‐, multispecific‐ and extinction risk‐based approach

Krüger, Lucas; Ramos, Jaime A.; Xavier, José C.; Grémillet, David; González‐Solís, Jacob; Kolbeinsson, Yann; Militão, Teresa; Navarro, Joan; Petry, Maria Virgı́nia; Phillips, Richard A.; Ramírez, Iván; Reyes‐González, José Manuel; Ryan, Peter G.; Sigurðsson, Ingvar A.; Sebille, Erik van; Wanless, R. M.; Paiva, Vítor H.

doi:10.1111/acv.12339

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…This area is important for fishing fleets, and the high fishing intensity may decrease prey abundance for Atlantic petrels and other seabirds (Furness 2003, Bugoni et al 2008. It also supports large numbers of vessels with their inherent potential threats (mortality, but also sub-lethal effects) to seabirds and marine life (Finkelstein et al 2006, Lewison et al 2012, Krüger et al 2017, Rodríguez et al 2017. Since this is the area where all tracked birds spent their nonbreeding period, and because Gough Island is virtually the only breeding location for this species, a good conservation strategy for both areas is essential to ensure sustainability of the Atlantic petrel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial ecology, phenological variability and moulting patterns of the Endangered Atlantic petrel Pterodroma incerta

Pastor-Prieto¹,

Ramos²,

Zajková³

et al. 2019

Endang. Species. Res.

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Insights into the year-round movements and behaviour of seabirds are essential to better understand their ecology and to evaluate possible threats at sea. The Atlantic petrel Pterodroma incerta is an Endangered gadfly petrel endemic to the South Atlantic Ocean, with virtually the entire population breeding on Gough Island (Tristan da Cunha archipelago). We describe adult phenology, habitat preferences and at-sea activity patterns for each phenological phase of the annual cycle and refine current knowledge about its distribution, by using light-level geolocators on 13 adults over 1−3 consecutive years. We also ascertained moulting pattern through stable isotope analysis (SIA) of nitrogen and carbon in feathers from 8 carcasses. On average, adults started their post-breeding migration on 25 December, taking 10 d to reach their non-breeding areas on the South American shelf slope. The pre-breeding migration started around 11 April and took 5 d. From phenological data, we found evidence of carry-over effects between successive breeding periods. The year-round distribution generally coincided with the potential distribution obtained from habitat modelling, except during the non-breeding and pre-laying exodus periods, when birds only used the western areas of the South Atlantic. Moulting occurred during the nonbreeding period, when birds spent more time on the water, and results from SIA helped us to distinguish feathers grown around Gough Island from those grown in the non-breeding area. Overall, our results bring important new insights into the spatial ecology of this Endangered seabird, which should help improve conservation strategies in the South Atlantic Ocean.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial ecology, phenological variability and moulting patterns of the Endangered Atlantic petrel Pterodroma incerta

Pastor-Prieto¹,

Ramos²,

Zajková³

et al. 2019

Endang. Species. Res.

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“…Unlike many other waterbird species (Kirby 1995), Northern Fulmars from this single colony were dispersed over a wide geographical area rather than congregating at specific locations during their moult. Current conservation activity often focuses on identifying Important Bird Areas, where seabirds may aggregate to feed or engage in other key behaviours such as moulting (Lascelles et al 2016, Kr€ uger et al 2017. Our data highlight that focused area-based conservation interventions may be less easily applied to highly dispersed and wide-ranging species such as Northern Fulmars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Breeding status influences timing but not duration of moult in the Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis

Grissot

Graham

Quinn

et al. 2019

Ibis

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Seabirds are key marine top predator species that are often used as indicators of the environmental quality of the oceans. Their breeding phenology has been studied extensively, but their pelagic habits mean less is known about the phenology of other events during the non‐breeding period. Here, we used miniaturized saltwater immersion light‐based geolocators (GLS) to investigate moult phenology in individuals with known breeding histories in a population of Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis in Orkney, Scotland. As seabirds spend more time on the water during moult, moulting periods can be identified from patterns of variation in the amount of time that birds are in contact with saltwater. Estimates of daily variation in this behaviour during the non‐breeding period were based upon wet/dry sensors and then modelled to characterize the timing of the moult. Light‐based geolocation provided information on the areas used by each individual during its moult period. Inter‐individual variability in moult timing was investigated in relation to sex and breeding success in the previous summer. We found a sex difference in the location of the moult, but not in its timing. However, the timing of moult did differ between individuals that had succeeded or failed in their previous breeding attempt, with successful breeders moulting the latest. In contrast, the duration of moult did not depend on prior reproductive success, but there was evidence of inter‐annual variation in moult duration. GLS studies have provided a step change in our understanding of the at‐sea distribution of pelagic seabirds. Our work highlights how activity data from these devices can add value to such studies by identifying key phases of the annual cycle, and locations at these times, when seabirds may be at particular risk. Furthermore, our findings indicate that individual and inter‐annual variation in breeding success may influence phenological patterns in other phases of the Northern Fulmar annual cycle.

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“…This shift occurred because the small and large-scale fishing efforts are considerably lower in these offshore areas (Figure 2) that are also free from mineral extractive activities (Figure 3). Although these areas are important for the conservation of deep-sea benthic ecosystems and pelagic species (Almada & Bernardino, 2017;Krüger et al, 2017), they are currently far less impacted by extractive activities than nearshore areas (Figures 2, 3;Halpern et al, 2015). Protecting more vulnerable areas close to the coast, rather than offshore areas with few anthropogenic uses, would then be most effective to mitigate expanding threats for imperilled species (Pressey et al, 2017;Pressey, Visconti, & Ferraro, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening the synergies among global biodiversity targets to reconcile conservation and socio‐economic demands

Vilar

Magris

Loyola

et al. 2020

Aquatic Conservation

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Most of the world's nations adopted the 20 Aichi global biodiversity targets to be met by 2020, including the protection of at least 10% of their coastal and marine areas (Target 11) and the avoidance of extinction of threatened species (Target 12). However, reconciling these biodiversity targets with socio‐economic demands remains a great dilemma for implementing conservation policies. In this paper, Aichi Targets 11 and 12 were simultaneously addressed using Brazil's exclusive economic zone as an example. Priority areas for expanding the current system of marine protected areas within the country's eight marine ecoregions were identified with data on threatened vertebrates under different scenarios. Additionally, the potential effects of major socio‐economic activities (small‑ and large‐scale fishing, seabed mining, and oil and gas exploration) on the representation of conservation features in proposed marine protected areas were explored. Areas selected for expanding marine protected areas solely based on biodiversity data were different (spatial overlap from 62% to 93%) from areas prioritized when socio‐economic features were incorporated into the analysis. The addition of socio‐economic data in the prioritization process substantially decreased opportunity costs and potential conservation conflicts, at the cost of reducing significantly (up to 31%) the coverage of conservation features. Large‑ and small‐scale fisheries act in most of the exclusive economic zone and are the major constraints for protecting high‐priority areas. Nevertheless, there is some spatial mismatch between areas of special relevance for conservation and socio‐economic activities, suggesting an opportunity for reconciling the achievement of biodiversity targets and development goals within the intricate Brazilian seascape by 2020 and beyond.

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Identification of candidate pelagic marine protected areas through a seabird seasonal‐, multispecific‐ and extinction risk‐based approach

Cited by 23 publications

References 124 publications

Spatial ecology, phenological variability and moulting patterns of the Endangered Atlantic petrel Pterodroma incerta

Spatial ecology, phenological variability and moulting patterns of the Endangered Atlantic petrel Pterodroma incerta

Breeding status influences timing but not duration of moult in the Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis

Strengthening the synergies among global biodiversity targets to reconcile conservation and socio‐economic demands

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