Identification of Candida strains with nested PCR in bovinemastitis and determination of antifungal susceptibilities

Abstract

Mastitis is one of the biggest problems of dairy cattle industries. In recent years, fungal agents have been frequently reported among the causative agents for mastitis. Among the fungal agents, Candida species are the most common. This study's aims were the isolation, identification, and determination of antifungal susceptibility of Candida species causing mycotic mastitis in cattle. A total of 260 mastitic milk samples were collected from different farms. Identification was conducted by rapid diagnostic tests and nested PCR method; 6 different antifungal agents were examined. Candida sp. was detected in 46 (17.7%) of the 260 mastitic milk samples. Based on API 20 C AUX and nested PCR test results, 6 different species of Candida were identified. C. tropicalis was the predominant one (26.1%), followed by C. parasilosis (21.7%), C. kefyr and C. krusei (17.4% each), C. rugosa (13%), and C. glabrata (4.4%). A total of 46 strains were confirmed by PCR. According to antifungal test results, the isolates were found to be susceptible to ketoconazole (78.3%) and resistant to flucytosine (91.3%), amphotericin (82.6%), miconazole and nystatin (73.9%), and fluconazole (69.5%).

Epidemiological investigation of non-albicans Candida species recovered from mycotic mastitis of cows in Yinchuan, Ningxia of China

“…In this study, Candida species of yeasts were isolated in the 23.44% (60/256) of all samples analyzed. This rate is a marginally higher than the rates reported in Turkey were 12.7% [ 9 ], 17.7% [ 10 ]; the rates reported in Brazil were 17.3% [ 4 ], 12.8% [ 11 ]; and the rate reported in Slovenia was 7.5% [ 12 ]. C. krusei was the predominant species isolated in this study, which was 23.33% (14/60) of the Candida isolates from those with clinical mastitis.…”

“…However, the rate of C. krusei isolates of our finding was higher than others. Ruz-Peres et al reported a 18.18% [ 13 ], ErbaŞ et al reported a 17.4% [ 10 ], Ksouri et al reported a 15.57% [ 14 ], Krukowski et al reported a 15.5% [ 15 ], and Eldesouky et al reported a 12.2% of C. krusei isolates in cow mastitis [ 16 ].…”

“…In animals, C. parapsilosis are also of great importance in veterinary medicine because of their ability to infect many animal species, including cows [ 14 , 17 , 18 ]. Indeed, many studies have described the isolation of C. parapsilosis from milk samples with a frequency varied from 1.7% to up to 25.4%, depending on the sanitary condition and environmental factors [ 10 , 11 , 15 , 19 ].…”

Mycotic Mastitis in Ruminants

“…Hasil penelitian tersebut juga membuktikan bahwa metode PCR secara signifikan mampu membedakan C. albicans lebih akurat dan cepat dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Erbaş et al (2017) telah berhasil mengidentifikasi Candida sp. dengan metode identifikasi cepat menggunakan API 20 C AUX dan nested PCR dari sampel susu penderita mastitis.…”

“…Prevalensi mastitis mikotik biasanya sangat rendah dibandingkan dengan agen penyebab mastitis lainnya tetapi secara signifikan meningkat selama dekade terakhir (Erbaş et al, 2017). Salah satu penyebab meningkatnya insiden mastitis mikotik diduga adalah penggunaan antibiotik jangka panjang yang tidak terkontrol dan penggunaan preparat steroid dalam terapi tanpa didahului identifikasi penyebabnya (Rayaz and Darand, 2013).…”