Identification of Bioactive Chemical Markers in Zhi zhu xiang Improving Anxiety in Rat by Fingerprint-Efficacy Study

Wang, Shaonan; Ding, Yong-Sheng; Ma, Xiao-Jie; Zhao, Cheng-Bowen; Lin, Ming-Xuan; Luo, Jing; Jiang, Yifeng; He, Shuai; Guo, Jian-You; Shi, Jingping

doi:10.3390/molecules23092329

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Although contents of five main ingredients in ZZX have been detected, we also found that 47 active ingredients from network pharmacology in the treatment of PTSD were mainly iridoids, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acids. Previous studies also revealed that valtrate, isochlorogenic acid A, and hesperetin play a role in anxiolytic action mediated by corticosterone levels ( Shi et al, 2014 ; Wang et al, 2018 ); here, we found that the hormone levels on the HPA axis are significantly increased in PTSD mice, which suggests that the HPA axis may also be important in PTSD. Importantly, acevaltrate has been shown to scavenge oxygen-free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and play a neuroprotective role in the antioxidant activity mechanism ( Wang et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. Against Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Network Pharmacological Analysis, and In Vivo Evaluation

et al. 2021

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Zhi zhu xiang (ZZX) is the root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. Recent studies have shown that ZZX can exert antianxiety, antidepressant, and sedative effects. Because post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is similar to depression and anxiety in terms of its etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations, it is possible that ZZX may also be useful for the prevention and treatment of PTSD. In this study, a mouse model of PTSD was established and used to study the pharmacological action of a 95% ethanol extract of ZZX on PTSD via a series of classic behavioral tests. We found that a 95% ethanol extract of ZZX was indeed effective for relieving the symptoms of PTSD in mice. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the potential active ingredients, targets, and possible pathways of ZZX in the treatment of PTSD. The neurotransmitter system, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and the endocannabinoid (eCB) system were identified to be the most likely pathways for anti-PTSD action in ZZX. Due to the lack of a falsification mechanism in network pharmacology, in vivo tests were carried out in mice, and the expression levels of neurotransmitters, hormones, and genes of key targets were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR to further verify this inference. Analysis showed that the levels of norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and glutamic acid were increased in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala of PTSD mice, while the levels of dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid were decreased in these brain regions; furthermore, ZZX could restore the expression of these factors, at least to a certain extent. The levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and corticotropin-releasing hormone were increased in these different brain regions and the serum of PTSD mice; these effects could be reversed by ZZX to a certain extent. The expression levels of cannabinoid receptor 1 and diacylglycerol lipase α mRNA were decreased in PTSD mice, while the levels of fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase mRNA were increased; these effects were restored by ZZX to a certain extent. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ZZX may provide new therapeutic pathways for treating PTSD by the regulation of neurotransmitters, the HPA, and expression levels of eCB-related genes in the brain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. Against Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Network Pharmacological Analysis, and In Vivo Evaluation

et al. 2021

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“…The anti-anxiety effect of its ethanol extract was studied on empty bottle-stimulated rats using the open field and the elevated plus-maze tests. Four bioactive compounds (hesperidin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C) were identified as the chemical markers for that effect [ 46 ]. There are some reports about the antidepressant effect of extracts and essential oils from this species [ 60 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Effect On the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

Das

Shin

Tundis

et al. 2021

Plants

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Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.

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“…The 'fingerprint-efficacy relationship' was studied by correlating HPLC fingerprints with in vitro and in vivo tests. Four chemical components, hesperidin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic B and isochlorogenic C are regarded as multiple biological markers for this anti-anxiety effect [97].…”

Section: Fingerprint-efficacy Analysis In Tcmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese Medicine: From Aqueous Extracts to Therapeutic Formulae

Wang¹,

Sasse²,

Sheridan³

2019

Plant Extracts

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the most established systems of medicine in the world. The therapeutic formulae used in TCM are frequently derived from aqueous decoctions of single plants or complex multicomponent formulae. There are aspects of plant cultivation and preparation of decoction pieces that are unique to TCM. These include Daodi cultivation, which is associated with high quality medicinal plant material that is grown in a defined geographical area, and Paozhi processing where the decoction pieces can be treated with excipients and are processed, which may fundamentally change the nature of the chemical metabolites. Therefore, a single plant part, processed in a variety of different ways, can each create a unique medicine. The quality of TCM materials, their safety and therapeutic efficacy are of critical importance. The application of metabolomic and chemometric techniques to these complex and multicomponent medicines is of interest to understand the interrelationships between composition, synergy and therapeutic activity. In this chapter, we present a short history of TCM, detail the role of Daodi and Paozhi in the generation of therapeutic formulae and look at the international practices and methodologies currently in use to ensure their sustainable production, quality, safety and efficacy.

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Identification of Bioactive Chemical Markers in Zhi zhu xiang Improving Anxiety in Rat by Fingerprint-Efficacy Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. Against Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Network Pharmacological Analysis, and In Vivo Evaluation

Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. Against Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Network Pharmacological Analysis, and In Vivo Evaluation

Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

Traditional Chinese Medicine: From Aqueous Extracts to Therapeutic Formulae

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