Identification of Atropine- and P2X<sub>1</sub>Receptor Antagonist-Resistant, Neurogenic Contractions of the Urinary Bladder

Kennedy, Charles; Tasker, Paul N.; Gallacher, Gemma; Westfall, Timothy D.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3115-06.2007

Cited by 45 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The partial effect of PPNDS on the phasic contraction leads us to suggest that heteromeric complexes composed of the P2X1 receptor and another subtype are involved. This is in agreement with a recent study by Kennedy et al (Kennedy et al, 2007), who used pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2', 4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS) as an alternative P2X1 antagonist.…”

Section: Rat Functional Responsessupporting

confidence: 93%

Functional expression of muscarinic and purinoceptors in the urinary bladder of male and female rats and guinea pigs

Creed

Loxley

Phillips

2010

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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Purpose: The objectives of this study were to compare the functional expression of muscarinic and purinergic receptors in the urinary bladder of 2 species, rat and guinea pig under comparable experimental conditions; and to test whether the receptors in males and females differ. Methods: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were used to identify gene expression profiles in bladder smooth muscle (total n=8 rats, 7 guinea pigs) and mechanical responses to nerve stimulation and applied acetylcholine (ACh) in the presence of specific antagonists were used to identify functional receptor sub-types (total n=12 rats, 16 guinea pigs). Results: RT-PCR indicated that M2 and M3 were the predominant muscarinic receptor genes in both the male and female rat and guinea pig bladders. M) caused a significant reduction in the amplitude of the phasic response to nerve stimulation in all groups, and this effect was significantly greater in male vs. female rats. mRNA for the purinergic P2X1, P2X2, P2X4, P2X5 and P2X7 receptors was detected in both male and female rats, whereas P2X3 and P2X6 were inconsistently detected in male rats. The P2X1 purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-6-(2'-naphthylazo-6'-nitro-4', 8'-disulphonate) (PPNDS), only inhibited nerve induced contractions at high concentrations (up to 10 -4 M). Conclusions: While only minor functional differences were documented in cholinergic and purinergic bladder contractile responses between male and female animals, and between rats and guinea pigs, data such as presented in this study are critical in determining how relative functional contributions may change in the diseased state, providing valuable information towards new treatment options.

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Section: Rat Functional Responsessupporting

confidence: 93%

Functional expression of muscarinic and purinoceptors in the urinary bladder of male and female rats and guinea pigs

Creed

Loxley

Phillips

2010

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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“…α,β-meATP, an ATP analog, is a selective P2X receptor agonist and resistant to ATPase. Thus, repeated application of α,β-meATP can desensitize the P2X receptors (24,25). In the present study, the purinergic component was found to be as ~30% (field stimulation at 10 Hz) in the presence of PPADS and ~33% (field stimulation at 10 and 20 Hz) in response to desensitization with α,β-meATP both in the NC and the HC group out of ~60% atropine-resistant contractions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…We did not observe any difference in the atropine-sensitive nerve-mediated contractions between the groups in this study. P2X receptors (mainly P2X 1 ), expressed in mammalian bladders, are ATP-gated ion channels that contribute to urinary bladder functions (24,28). Several studies suggested that PPADS strongly suppresses P2X-purinoceptor-mediated contractions (25,31,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When cholinergic and purinergic components of EFSinduced contractile responses of detrusor smooth muscles were abolished, there remained a considerable amount of contraction (33% in NC group, 35% in HC group). Incomplete desensitization of P2X purinoceptors or the presence of other purinoceptors in the rat detrusor smooth muscle (24,33) could be involved in the residual contractile component together with the other NANC transmitter(s) released (18,(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the third protocol, either P2X antagonist phosphate-6-azo (benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt hydrate (PPADS) (10 -4 M) (24) or P2X agonist α,β-methylene-adenosine-5'-triphosphate (α,β-meATP) (10 -5 M) (25) was added to the bath in the presence of atropine (10 -6 M) to isolate the noncholinergic component of the parasympathetic stimulation. EFS was repeated after an incubation period of 40 min for PPADS.…”

Section: Contraction Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of hypercholesterolemia on the contractions of detrusor strips in response to neural stimulation in rats

Karaismailoğlu¹,

Balkanci²,

Pehlivanoğlu³

et al. 2013

Turk J Med Sci

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Currently the most widely used machine for precision seeding of cotton and maize seed is vacuum type. Th e capture of seeds by vacuum plate and the release of seeds from the vacuum plate should be performed precisely without missing or doubling. Th e physical phenomena should be clarifi ed theoretically to understand how the precision seeding mechanism works. To solve these problems, an attempt was made to develop a nomogram using equations describing the technical characteristics of the seeder used in this study and to describe the seed capture mechanism relying on basic principles of fl uid mechanics and aerodynamic properties of seeds. Seed spacing accuracy tests were performed to test the theory on a sticky belt in the laboratory. Quality of feed index, miss and multiple indices, and precision have been taken as a set of criteria for seed spacing accuracy. Th e regression models developed using the data obtained via sticky band tests showed that 16 seeds s -1 was the upper limit of seed release frequency (SRF) for cotton and maize seeds. Th e upper limit of vacuum plate peripheral speed was found to be 0.34 m s -1 . Th e use of 72 holes instead of 26 holes in the vacuum plate at 6.3 kPa created a vacuum band in the width of 10 mm around holes and this increased the multiple index and caused a reduction in seeding performance. For this reason, the use of vacuum plates with 60 or 52 holes is recommended for cotton seed. Th e forward speed of either 1.0 or 1.5 m s -1 was found to be acceptable for the seed spacing of 0.05 and 0.10 m, respectively. Aerodynamic calculations verifi ed that widely used vacuum plates with 26 holes were the appropriate ones for seeding maize seeds. Th e performance indices, namely the quality of feed, and miss and multiple indices, reduced signifi cantly for cotton and maize seeding when the precision metering unit was run at 20% (11°) slope to the right as compared to the no slope condition.

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Molecular Structure and Regulation of P2X Receptors With a Special Emphasis on the Role of P2X₂in the Auditory System

et al. 2015

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The P2X purinergic receptors are cation-selective channels gated by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). These purinergic receptors are found in virtually all mammalian cell types and facilitate a number of important physiological processes. Within the past few years, the characterization of crystal structures of the zebrafish P2X4 receptor in its closed and open states has provided critical insights into the mechanisms of ligand binding and channel activation. Understanding of this gating mechanism has facilitated to design and interpret new modeling and structure-function experiments to better elucidate how different agonists and antagonists can affect the receptor with differing levels of potency. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure, activation, allosteric modulators, function, and location of the different P2X receptors. Moreover, an emphasis on the P2X2 receptors has been placed in respect to its role in the auditory system. In particular, the discovery of three missense mutations in P2X2 receptors could become important areas of study in the field of gene therapy to treat progressive and noise-induced hearing loss. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1656-1670, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Identification of Atropine- and P2X₁Receptor Antagonist-Resistant, Neurogenic Contractions of the Urinary Bladder

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

Functional expression of muscarinic and purinoceptors in the urinary bladder of male and female rats and guinea pigs

Functional expression of muscarinic and purinoceptors in the urinary bladder of male and female rats and guinea pigs

The effect of hypercholesterolemia on the contractions of detrusor strips in response to neural stimulation in rats

Molecular Structure and Regulation of P2X Receptors With a Special Emphasis on the Role of P2X₂in the Auditory System

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Identification of Atropine- and P2X1Receptor Antagonist-Resistant, Neurogenic Contractions of the Urinary Bladder

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

Functional expression of muscarinic and purinoceptors in the urinary bladder of male and female rats and guinea pigs

Functional expression of muscarinic and purinoceptors in the urinary bladder of male and female rats and guinea pigs

The effect of hypercholesterolemia on the contractions of detrusor strips in response to neural stimulation in rats

Molecular Structure and Regulation of P2X Receptors With a Special Emphasis on the Role of P2X2in the Auditory System

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Identification of Atropine- and P2X₁Receptor Antagonist-Resistant, Neurogenic Contractions of the Urinary Bladder

Molecular Structure and Regulation of P2X Receptors With a Special Emphasis on the Role of P2X₂in the Auditory System