Identification of antinutritional, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of plants that cause livestock poisoning in Bojonegoro Regency, Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aim: The utilization of cassava leaves and peels, ceara rubber leaves, sweet potato leaves, Chinese Albizia leaves, and lophatheri leaves from Bojonegoro Regency has led to the poisoning of livestock due to antinutritional factors. Nevertheless, the plants are known to have bioactive components and potential antioxidant and antibacterial activity if appropriately processed. This study aimed to determine the antinutritional compounds as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of these plants responsible for livestock poisoning in the Bojonegoro Regency. Materials and Methods: Extraction was performed by the maceration method using 70% (v/v) ethanol solvent. The samples were analyzed qualitatively to determine the presence of tannins, alkaloids, oxalates, cardiac glycosides, and cyanogenic glycosides. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, while the antimicrobial activity was assessed by different testing concentrations (125, 250, and 500 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Results: The ethanolic extract of the plants was found to contain antinutritional tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and cyanogenic glycosides suspected of causing livestock poisoning. Despite the presence of these antinutrients, all extracts also had antioxidant and antibacterial potential. Cassava peels and sweet potato leaves had the highest antioxidant activity, whereas Chinese Albizia leaves had the most potent antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Cassava leaves and peels, ceara rubber leaves, sweet potato leaves, Chinese Albizia leaves, and lophatheri leaves obtained from Bojonegoro Regency and used as agricultural waste contain antinutritional factors but also possess potentially effective antioxidant and antimicrobial components.

In vitro Antimicrobial Activity Test of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Rhizome Extract against Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

“…Based on the interpretation criteria used by Odilla, et al (2022), antibacterial potency can be classified into weak (diameter <12 mm), moderate (diameter 12-20 mm), and strong (diameter 20 mm). 32 Abiding by this classification, all of the extract concentrations displayed weak antibiotic properties against both MSSA and MRSA, as evidenced by the average diameter of <12 mm.…”

Side Streams of Vegetable Processing and Its Bioactive Compounds Support Microbiota, Intestine Milieu, and Immune System

“…Moreover, sweet ethanolic extract of potato leaves containing tannins, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides inhibits the growth of S. epidermidis, S. aureus and E. coli (<12 mm-bacterial IZ). In that study, the authors noted that cassava leaves ethanolic extract was more effective in antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli than ethanolic extract of cassava peels in 125 and 250 mg/mL concentrations [65].…”

Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of banana, cassava, and pineapple peels against a fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila

“…A study by Ahmed et al (2018) showed that banana peel inhibits the growth of other bacteria, including the growth of S. aureus at 1%, 3%, and 5% with a diameter of inhibition zone of 0.6, 1.5, and 2 mm. The extract of cassava peel (M. esculenta) can inhibit S. aureus, epidermidis, and E. coli (Odilia et al 2022). Still, no information regarding the inhibitory activity against A. hydrophila.…”

“…The banana peel extract had antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. pyogenes (Chabuck et al 2013). A study by Odilia et al (2022) showed that the extract of cassava peels was active against S. aureus, S. epidermis, and E. coli, while the extract of pineapple peel was active against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae and K. pneumoniae (Lubaina et al 2019). However, a study on cassava peel and pineapple peel extract as an antibacterial for A. hydrophila is still limited.…”