Abstract. Mulia DS, Isnansetyo A, Pratiwi R, Asmara W. 2021. Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased walking catfish (Clarias sp.). Biodiversitas 22: 4839-4846. Aeromonas spp. is known to be pathogenic to freshwater fish, including catfish. Antibiotics are often used to overcome bacterial attacks. However, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, especially at incorrect doses and frequencies, could result in the emergence of resistant bacteria. The presence of resistance genes is also suspected to trigger the resistance potential of Aeromonas sp. against antibiotics. The objective of this study is to characterize the resistance genes of Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased walking catfish (Clarias sp.). Ten Aeromonas spp. were isolated from infected walking catfish cultivated in Java. The resistance genes assessed included tetA, strA-strB, and qnrA. The antibiotics tested consisted of ampicillin (AMP), erythromycin (ERY), oxytetracycline (OXT), kanamycin (KAN), enrofloxacin (ENRO), and chloramphenicol (CHL). Results showed that some Aeromonas spp. had at least one out of the three genes assessed (i.e., tetA and strA-strB) but none had the qnrA gene. Aeromonas spp. were sensitive to KAN, ENRO, and CHL but resistant to AMP, ERY, and OXT. Thus, KAN, ENRO, and CHL are effective antibiotics for treating fish infected with Aeromonas spp.

Fucoidan merupakan senyawa polisakarida sulfat yang diekstrak dari rumput laut cokelat Padina sp. Fucoidan diketahui mempunyai beberapa bioaktivitas, salah satunya sebagai imunostimulan. Ikan gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) ukuran + 100 gr diberi perlakuan fucoidan yang dicampur kedalam pakan dengan dosis 0,2 gr kg-1 pakan (P1), 0,4 gr kg-1 pakan (P2) , 0,6 gr kg-1 pakan (P3) serta kontrol (Po) masing-masing dengan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, fucoidan dari ekstrak rumput laut cokelat Padina sp. secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan respon imun non-spesifik terhadap persentase hematokrit, leukokrit dan superoksida anion pada ikan gurami. Perlakuan P3 (0,6 gr kg-1) merupakan dosis optimum yang dapat meningkatkan respon imun non-spesifik ikan, menunjukkan fucoidan dapat digunakan dalam budidaya ikan gurami.Kata kunci: fucoidan, Padina sp., ikan gurami, imun non-spesifik

Abstract. Mulia DS, Utomo T, Isnansetyo A. 2022. The efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Biodiversitas 23: 1505-1510. Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogenic bacterium to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Vaccination is one of the strategic efforts to control this type of bacterial attack. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine for African catfish. This study used A. hydrophila GPl-04 strain isolate as vaccine material. Sample used was African catfish measuring 10-13 cm length, weighing 16-25 g, taken from aquaculture ponds in the Purbalingga area, Central Java, Indonesia. This study applied experiments under the completely randomized design (CRD) method with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of P0: feed without vaccine (control); P1: feed with 10 mL/100 g dose of vaccine given for 10 days; P2: feed with 10 mL/100 g dose of vaccine given for 15 days; P3: feed with 15 mL/ 100 g dose of vaccine given for 10 days; and P4: feed with 15 mL/ 100 g dose of vaccine given for 15 days. The challenge test was carried out on week 3, by injecting 0.1 mL of A. hydrophila suspension at 105CFU/mL dose per fish. The main parameters included the fish antibody titer, survival rate (SR), relative percent survival (RPS), mean time to death (MTD), and growth rate. Supporting parameters included water quality such as water temperature, water pH, and dissolved O2 levels. The main parameter data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% test level, and the supporting parameter was descriptively quantitative analyzed. The results showed A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine could increase antibody titer, SR, RPS, and MTD of African catfish (P<0.05). In addition, vaccination did not adversely affect the growth. The A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine was effective in protecting African catfish from A. hydrophila attack where 10 mL/100 g dose, given for 10 days (P1) was indicated as the most effective compared to other vaccination treatments.

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah bulu ayam menjadi bahan pakan ikan dengan fermentasi Bacillus subtilis. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan, 3 kali ulangan, yaitu P0 : tepung bulu ayam non fermentasi; P1 : fermentasi dengan inokulum B. subtilis 5 mL/2 g tepung bulu ayam; P2 : fermentasi dengan inokulum B. subtilis 10 mL/2 g tepung bulu ayam; P3 : fermentasi dengan inokulum B. subtilis 15 mL/2 g tepung bulu ayam. Parameter yang diamati adalah hasil uji proksimat meliputi kadar protein kasar, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak kasar, kadar serat kasar, dan parameter pendukung yaitu uji organoleptik, berupa sifat fisik tepung bulu ayam, meliputi warna, tekstur, dan bau. Data berupa hasil uji proksimat dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA dan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan taraf uji 5%, sedangkan untuk data hasil organoleptik dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan limbah bulu ayam menjadi bahan pakan ikan dapat dilakukan dengan fermentasi B. subtilis. Fermentasi tepung bulu ayam menggunakan B. subtillis dapat meningkatkan kualitas bahan baku pakan ikan. Perlakuan P2 (inokulum 10 mL/2 g tepung bulu ayam) adalah perlakuan yang paling efektif karena menghasilkan protein tertinggi yaitu 80,59%, dengan perubahan sifat fisik menjadi putih sampai putih kekuningan (warna), lembut (tekstur), dan khas kurang menyengat (bau). Kata kunci: Bacillus subtilis, bahan pakan ikan, bulu ayam, fermentasi, limbah, pemanfaatan. Abstract This study aims to utilize waste chicken feathers into fish feed ingredients by fermentation of Bacillus subtilis. The research has done by experimental methods with completely randomized design (CRD) 4 treatments

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