Identification of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes in Salmonella Typhi  Isolated From Typhoid Patient in Samawa City

Njum, Ali Anok; Hassan, Rimia N.; Alwan, Jabbar Afat

doi:10.24996/ijs.2019.60.5.6

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Most S.typhi isolates, including multidrug-resistant strains, were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid but resistant to levofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Our results are the same as those of studies done in Samawa, Iraq, which found that clinical strains of S.typhi had high levels of resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and levofloxacin (34). Malehmir et al found that paediatric cases of S.typhi in Tehran, Iran, were less sensitive to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid, more sensitive to chloramphenicol antibiotics, and had a very low proportion of MDR strains (35).…”

Section: Out Of 246 Blood Specimens Collected From a Patient With Sus...supporting

confidence: 90%

“…In India, the qnrB gene was amplified in 70% of S.typhi strains isolated from blood cultures, but neither the qnrA nor the qnrS gene was amplified (42). In Iran, qnrS was detected in 56.5% of the S.typhi strains, qnrA was found in 30.4%while qnrB was in 1.1% (34). In Brazil, qnrS was found in 53.3% of S.typhi strains, qnrB was found in 40%, and qnrA was not (43).…”

Section: Out Of 246 Blood Specimens Collected From a Patient With Sus...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of quinolones resistant Salmonella typhi isolates from patients infected with Typhoid fever in Al-Najaf province, Iraq

2023

JPTCP

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Background: The global spread of typhoid fever is still a major public health concern. Typhoid fever is a potentially fatal infection often treated with quinolones, especially fluoroquinolones. Resistance to quinolones antibiotics in Salmonella typhi has made it harder to treat and has led to more mortalities. In this study, we detected of the qnr genes (plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance PMQR) in S.typhi isolated from patients in two main hospitals in AL-Najaf province, Iraq and determined the clonal relatedness between S.typhi isolates carried qnr genes. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disc diffusion method to investigate the ability of S. typhi to the resistance of 10 antibiotics. Qnr genes (qnrA,qnrB,qnrS) were detected by PCR amplification, and clonal relatedness between S.typhi isolates harbor qnr genes was analyzed following multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: Out of 246 blood samples collected from patients with suspected typhoid fever, 32 (13%) cases of S. typhi were identified using culture methods and confirmed using an automated Vitek-2 system. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were for ampicillin (24/32; 75%) and levofloxacin (19/32; 59.3%). All isolated (100%) were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefixime, imipenem, meropenem, and azithromycin. Among PMQR genes determinants, qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS were positive in (1/32; 3%), (4/32; 12.5%) and (3/32; 9.3%) of the isolates, respectively. ST19, ST34, and ST36 were identified in (5/8; 62.5%), (2/8; 25%), and 1 (1/8; 12.5%) in S. typhi isolates positive for qnr genes, respectively. Conclusion: The first study from Iraq demonstrated the presence of qnr genes in S. typhi clinical isolates. In comparison to qnrS and qnrA, the qnrB gene was more common. The first study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to identify the sequence types of S. typhi isolates from hospitals in Al-Najaf. The Majority of ST19 sequence type of S. typhi was found.

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Section: Out Of 246 Blood Specimens Collected From a Patient With Sus...supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Out Of 246 Blood Specimens Collected From a Patient With Sus...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of quinolones resistant Salmonella typhi isolates from patients infected with Typhoid fever in Al-Najaf province, Iraq

2023

JPTCP

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“…"The occurrence of S. typhi from stool of patients in relationship to their age was higher at age 21-30 years, and this is in agreement with a study which reported high occurrence of S. typhi in patients of age > 10-41 years [17] and 21-31 years" [21].…”

Section: Molecular Detection Of Plasmid Mediated Quinolone Resistant ...supporting

confidence: 87%

“…"In India, the qnrB gene was amplified in 70.0% of S.typhi strains isolated" [28]. In Iran, qnrA was found in 30.4% of the S.typhi isolates, qnrS was detected in 56.5%, while qnrB was detected in 1.1% [21].…”

Section: Molecular Detection Of Plasmid Mediated Quinolone Resistant ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Plasmid-mediated qnr Genes among the Quinolone Resistant Salmonella typhi from Patients Attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

et al. 2024

AJARR

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Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the qnr genes among S. typhi isolated from stool of patients with suspected typhoid fever, in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2022 and November 2023. Methodology: Stool samples of patients with suspected typhoid fever were collected by standard methods in sterile disposable containers. After analysis of stool, microscopic observations and culture analysis, Salmonella typhi was isolated, antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out, and the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method. PCR for detection of qnr genes including qnrA, qnrB and qnrS was done by specific primers, then PCR products were run using gel electrophoresis and visualized by gel documentation system. Results: Out of 150 isolates, 13 (8.7%) were positive for S. typhi. Antibiotic resistance among the isolates in decreasing order were as follows: imipenems (100.0%), cefuroxime (100.0%), cefotaxime (100.0%), nalidixic acid (92.3%), amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (84.6%), ceftriaxone/sulbactam (84.6%), ciprofloxacin (84.6%), gentamicin (76.9%), levofloxacin (46.2%) and ofloxacin (46.2%). The most common antibiotic resistant phenotype was AUG- CTX-IMP-OFX-CN-NA-CXM-CRO-CIP-LBC at 30.4%. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 100% (13/13) of the isolates with the common MAR indices being 1.0 (30.8%), 0.7 (23.5%), 0.8 (23.1%) and 0.9 (15.4%). The only positive PMQR genes were qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr with percentage occurrence of 50.0% respectively Conclusion: The S. typhi isolates showed lower resistance to ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and gentamicin, and all isolates were MAR, with resistance to 10 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, qnrS resistance gene was the most common gene expressed.

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“…In addition, epidemical studies demonstrated that S. typhi carriers are more likely to be infected with gallbladder cancer compared to the uninfected ones [17]. Isolation of S. typhi from the cultured tissues was in conformity with the results of [24]. The diagnosis of the S. typhi by Vitek2 compact system showed 99% conformity as this system is considered one of the rapid and accurate technique in terms of diagnosing bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

The Correlation Between Salmonella typhi Associated Gallstone Formation and Gallbladder Cancer

Al-Sanjary

Al-Rawi

2022

eijs

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The current research focused on the detection of Salmonella typhi and its relationship with the formation of gallstone and gall bladder cancer. Samples were collected from patients aged between 32-67 years (males and females) in Mosul city hospitals. The samples included 30gallbladder fresh tissues from patients suffering from gallstone and 20 formalinfixed-paraffin embedded (FFPE) gallbladder tissue from patients confirmed with gallbladder cancer. The results showed that 33% S. typhi isolates were diagnosed from the tissue samples using conventional methods, biochemical tests and Vitek2. All fresh tissues samples gave positive PCR results for the presence of FliC-d and CdtB genes and 46% positivity for S. typhi compared with conventional methods, 64% for females, 35% for males and 40 % positive in the gallbladder cancer of which 62% were females and 37%males.

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Identification of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes in Salmonella Typhi Isolated From Typhoid Patient in Samawa City

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Molecular characterization of quinolones resistant Salmonella typhi isolates from patients infected with Typhoid fever in Al-Najaf province, Iraq

Molecular characterization of quinolones resistant Salmonella typhi isolates from patients infected with Typhoid fever in Al-Najaf province, Iraq

Detection of Plasmid-mediated qnr Genes among the Quinolone Resistant Salmonella typhi from Patients Attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

The Correlation Between Salmonella typhi Associated Gallstone Formation and Gallbladder Cancer

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