Identification of an <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> salivary gland fraction 
through its ability to stimulate CD4 T cells present in 
BALB/c mice lymph nodes draining the tick fixation site

Ganapamo, Frédéric; Rutti, B.; Brossard, Michel

doi:10.1017/s0031182097008913

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fraction 33 was strongly enriched with a protein of 65 kDa, which was also detected in tick saliva. This protein was already shown to be a potent antigen in proliferation assay (25). Other tick saliva and SGE polypeptides that comigrate could also participate in the Th2 polarization of the immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Th2 polarization of the immune response of BALB/c mice to Ixodes ricinus instars, importance of several antigens in activation of specific Th2 subpopulations

Mejri

Franscini

Rutti

et al. 2001

Parasite Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYBALB/c mice were infested with Ixodes ricinus larvae, nymphs or adults. Expression of IL-4 and IFN-g mRNA in axillary and brachial draining lymph node cells were measured by competitive quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 9 days after the beginning of primary-infestation. IL-4 mRNA was always higher than that of IFN-g mRNA for all tick instars. Moreover, IL-4 mRNA expression progressively increased during nymphal primary-infestation with a high burst of expression 7 days after the beginning of infestation. No evolution of IFN-g mRNA expression was detected. Draining lymph node cells of infested BALB/c produced higher level of IL-4 than IFN-g following in vitro restimulation with adult tick saliva, salivary gland extract (SGE) or with five selected different chromatographic fractions of SGE. Anti-tick IgG1 antibodies but no IgG2a were detected in BALB/c pluriinfested with IX ricinus nymphs, which confirmed the Th2 polarization of the immune response.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Th2 polarization of the immune response of BALB/c mice to Ixodes ricinus instars, importance of several antigens in activation of specific Th2 subpopulations

Mejri

Franscini

Rutti

et al. 2001

Parasite Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, findings that the suppressive effect of repeated tick infestation was greater than those of the first infestation, were also reported [4,5,20]. Tick saliva also contains soluble antigens which can trigger a T lymphocyte specific response in BALB/c mice infested with ticks [12]. Both suppression and stimulation of T lymphocyte responses may occur at the same time in a host animal, but more studies are needed to clarify the findings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Male ticks were also removed on days 11 and 8 in group A and B, respectively. Peripheral blood was collected with heparin (20 U/ml) from each dog on day 0, 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24 and 27 to evaluate the peripheral …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Infestation by Rhipicephalus sanguineus on Lymphocyte Blastogenic Responses to Mitogens in Dogs.

Inokuma

Aita

Ohno

et al. 1998

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mitogen blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from dogs infested with adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the effects of salivary gland extracts (SGE) of the tick on the blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from normal dogs were studied. Infestation by R. sanguineus significantly suppressed concanavalin A, phyto-hemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen responses of lymphocytes from dogs. The inhibition of lymphocyte responses of dogs in the first infestation was greater than that in the second infestation. SGE from R. sanguineus also suppressed all mitogen blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from healthy dogs in vitro. These suppressive effects of SGE on the blastogenic responses of PBL to mitogens were significantly inhibited by trypsin digestion. It is suggested that some proteins in SGE contribute to the suppressive effects of SGE on the blastogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes from dogs.-KEY WORDS: canine, lymphocyte mitogenesis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. blood lymphocyte (PBL) responses to mitogens. To obtain salivary gland extract (SGE) from partially-engorged R. sanguineus, unfed female adults were allowed to feed for 4 days on the ears of rabbits (Japanese white, Kyudo, Japan). A density gradient method using Lymphoprep (1.077 g/ ml, Nycomed Pharma AS, Oslo, Norway) was used to separate PBL from peripheral blood [5]. Contaminated red blood cells were lysed with ammonium chloride Tris buffer (0.017 M Tris, pH 7.2 containing 0.75% NH 4 Cl), washed twice with sterile PBS, and finally resuspended at 2 × 10 6 cells/ml in complete RPMI 1640 medium (ICN Biomedical Japan) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, ICN Biomedical Japan), penicillin (100 IU/ml) and streptomycin (20 µg/ml). Observation of PBL after Giemsa staining revealed that the cell suspensions contained less than 8% neutrophils. In addition, more than 95% of PBL were viable by trypan blue dye exclusion. Aliquots of 50 µl of PBL suspension were added in triplicate to wells in 96-well microculture plates (Flow Laboratories Inc., U.S.A.) along with 50 µl of an optimum concentration of concanavalin A (Con A, 2.0 µg/ml, EY Laboratories, Inc., U.S.A.), phyto-hemagglutinin (PHA, 3.0 µg/ml, EY Laboratories, Inc., U.S.A.) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM, 1.0 µg/ml, EY Laboratories, Inc., U.S.A.) in complete medium. The cell cultures were incubated for 72 hr at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2. The blastogenic activities of cells in culture were evaluated by an assay using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) [5, 14]. The results are expressed as stimulation index (SI) according to the following formula from the results of duplicate assays. SI = (O.D.(570/630 nm) of stimulated cells with FE) / (O.D.(570/630 nm) of unstimulated cells without FE) Female R. sanguineus were collected from rabbits. The salivary glands were dissected out from each tick under a microscope and homogenized with a ground glass homogenizer in 2.0 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the most wide sp...

show abstract

“…The authors attributed the observed effect to increased B lymphocyte numbers or activity [145]. On the other hand, soluble salivary gland antigens derived from female I. ricinus ticks stimulated lymph node T cells from mice infested with I. ricinus larvae or nymphs, but not those infested with Amblyomma hebraeum nymphs [146]. A 65 kDa protein fraction (IrSG65) isolated from the salivary glands of partially fed I. ricinus females induced specific T cell proliferation in lymph node cells obtained from mice infested with I. ricinus nymphs [146].…”

Section: T and B Lymphocytes And Tick Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, soluble salivary gland antigens derived from female I. ricinus ticks stimulated lymph node T cells from mice infested with I. ricinus larvae or nymphs, but not those infested with Amblyomma hebraeum nymphs [146]. A 65 kDa protein fraction (IrSG65) isolated from the salivary glands of partially fed I. ricinus females induced specific T cell proliferation in lymph node cells obtained from mice infested with I. ricinus nymphs [146]. Feeding of I. ricinus nymphs on BALB/c mice revealed that CD4+ T cells were more abundant than CD8+ cells [147], which changed from 2:1 upon primary tick infestation to 7:1 in tertiary tick infestation.…”

Section: T and B Lymphocytes And Tick Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of host immunity by tick saliva

Kotál

Langhansová

Lieskovská

et al. 2015

Journal of Proteomics

173

183

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Next generation sequencing and proteomics have helped to comprehensively characterize gene expression in tick salivary glands at both the transcriptome and the proteome level. Functional data are, however, lacking. Given that tick salivary secretions are critical to the success of the tick transmission lifecycle and, as a consequence, for host colonization by the pathogens they spread, we thoroughly review here the literature on the known interactions between tick saliva (or tick salivary gland extracts) and the innate and adaptive vertebrate immune system. The information is intended to serve as a reference for functional characterization of the numerous genes and proteins expressed in tick salivary glands with an ultimate goal to develop novel vector and pathogen control strategies.

show abstract

Identification of an Ixodes ricinus salivary gland fraction through its ability to stimulate CD4 T cells present in BALB/c mice lymph nodes draining the tick fixation site

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Th2 polarization of the immune response of BALB/c mice to Ixodes ricinus instars, importance of several antigens in activation of specific Th2 subpopulations

Th2 polarization of the immune response of BALB/c mice to Ixodes ricinus instars, importance of several antigens in activation of specific Th2 subpopulations

Effects of Infestation by Rhipicephalus sanguineus on Lymphocyte Blastogenic Responses to Mitogens in Dogs.

Modulation of host immunity by tick saliva

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About