Identification, growth and toxicity assessment of Coolia Meunier (Dinophyceae) from Nova Scotia, Canada

Characterization of Coolia spp. (Gonyaucales, Dinophyceae) from Southern Tunisia: first record of Coolia malayensis in the Mediterranean Sea

“…The described phylogenetic resolution discriminating the species C. monotis, C. malayensis, C. santacroce, C. palmyrensis, C. tropicalis, C. canariensis, and C. guanchica was consistent with previous studies based on LSU (Rhodes et al 2014b, Karafas et al 2015, Leaw et al 2016, Leung et al 2017, Lewis et al 2018, David et al 2019, Larsson et al 2019, Mendes et al 2019, Nascimento et al 2019, Tibiriçá et al 2020, Zhang et al 2020) and ITS rDNA regions (Karafas et al 2015, Leaw et al 2016, David et al 2019, Nascimento et al 2019, Tibiriçá et al 2020, Zhang et al 2020. LSU and ITS phylogenetic analyses conducted the width / length ratio of 7′′ plate (1.2-1.5) was in the range of the reported strains (Table 4).…”

“…The size of cells from the C. monotis strain isolated from the Gulf of Gabès (South-eastern Mediterranean) was comparable to that of C. monotis cells previously described from all over the world (Meunier 1919, Penna et al 2005, Dolapsakis et al 2006, Laza-Martínez et al 2011, Pagliara and Caroppo 2012, David et al 2014, Ho and Nguyen 2014, Karafas et al 2015, Ben-Gharbia et al 2016, Lewis et al 2018) (Table 4). Though, the largest C. monotis cells have been described from field samples from the Caribbean Sea (Faust 2009), the Gulf of Tunis (Armi et al 2010) and the Arab Gulf (Al-Yamani and Saburova 2010) (Table 4).…”

“…4). As already described (Karafas et al 2015), our observations revealed that the plate 3′′′ was either equal (Aligizaki and Nikolaidis 2006, Al-Yamani and Saburova 2010, David et al 2014, Leaw et al 2016, Lewis et al 2018 or larger (Meunier 1919, Balech 1956, Penna et al 2005, Dolapsakis et al 2006, Laza-Martínez et al 2011, Pagliara and Caroppo 2012 than the 4′′′ plate.…”

“…Afterwards, it was shown that the Ostreopsis mucilage shows a complex structure, formed by a network of long fibers, derived from trichocysts extruded through thecal pores and by an amorphous matrix of acidic polysaccharides (Honsell et al 2013). Mucilage increases during cell proliferation, producing a typical brownish mat, visible with the naked eye (Lewis et al 2018). In fact, C. monotis Com.10 strain growing in exponential phase produced large quantities of mucilage, forming aggregates of cells that were visible in the culture (Fig.…”

“…All Coolia species except C. monotis, C. areolata, and C. santacroce have been observed in the Pacific Ocean, particularly in the west (Faust 1995, Holmes et al 1995, Fraga et al 2008, Leaw et al 2010, Mohammad-Noor et al 2013, Momigliano et al 2013, Rhodes et al 2014b, Karafas et al 2015, Larsson et al 2019, Zhang et al 2020. C. canariensis and C. monotis have been reported in the eastern and western Atlantic (Penna et al 2005, Fraga et al 2008, Laza-Martínez et al 2011, David et al 2014, Leaw et al 2016, Lewis et al 2018, Mendes et al 2019, Nascimento et al 2019, while records of C. malayensis, C. palmyrensis, C. santacroce, and C. tropicalis have been restricted to the western Atlantic (Faust 1995, Karafas et al 2015, Leaw et al 2016, Mendes et al 2019, Nascimento et al 2019, Tibiriçá et al 2020 and C. guanchica to the eastern Atlantic (David et al 2019). C. areolata has only been detected in the Southwest Indian Ocean (Ten-Hage et al 2000).…”