Identification by Life Cycle Assessment of the critical stage in the catalytic synthesis of nopol using heterogeneous catalysis

Life cycle assessment as a tool for evaluating chemical processes at industrial scale: a review

“…Finally, another 17% did not use special consideration for the scaling up from laboratory to industrial data, and they directly proportionally scaled the values. 14,23,29,44,47 This leads to uncertainty which, in our view, is not acceptable. As discussed in the previous section, there are factors that do not allow us to consider the same behavior of a chemical process in the laboratory as in an industrial unit.…”

“…24 Around 45% of the articles reviewed have been recently published, between 2020 and 2021. 25–45 It seems that in the following years more LCAs will be performed to understand and optimize the chemical processes.…”

“…14–17,20,22,23,26,28,30,32,35,39,40,47–57 This is an expected result given that LCA is an official and standardized tool for assessing the environmental impacts in the EU, mostly since its Communication on Integrated Product Policy (COM (2003)302). About the rest of the papers, 24% of the studies were performed in Asia, 19,21,27,33,34,37,41–44,58–60 11% in Central or South America, 18,29,38,43,45,46,61 8% in North America, 31,36,43,59,60 and 2% in Africa and Oceania. 25,57 LCA has become a widely acknowledged tool and its use has also been encouraged by governments all over the world ( i.e.…”

“…Some of the studies 29,40,57 have used the retrosynthetic analysis to get the environmental impact of the compounds from its chemical predecessors or substances with similar functional groups and chemical composition. However, this only solves the upscaling requirements in case that we have industrially available data of the chemical predecessors.…”

Comparison by Life-Cycle Assessment of Alternative Processes for Carvone and Verbenone Production

“…Their results, obtained with the ReCiPe Mid-Point method, revealed that sustainable polylimonene carbonate synthesis was limited by the use of TBHP, suggesting that a more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient limonene oxidation method should be developed. In a previous report from our research group [ 25 ], we evaluated the environmental performance in the production of the fine chemical nopol, a monoterpenoid alcohol obtained via Prins reaction between β -pinene and paraformaldehyde through the implementation of the LCA methodology. The LCI was carried out combining primary and secondary data from simulation of the process using Aspen Plus software.…”