Identification, Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Biofilm Detection of Isolates in Orthopaedic Implant Infections

Abstract

Background: As orthopaedic implants are being increasingly used, managing the implantassociated infections has become a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriological profile with antibiotic susceptibility patterns and biofilm detection in orthopaedic implant-associated infections. Study Design: Cross-sectional prospective. Place and Duration of Study:The study was conducted in the department of Microbiology and Orthopaedics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (J&K) India, a tertiary care institute from August 2014 to February 2016. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 patients having orthopaedic implant infections.

Bacteriological Profiles, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns, and Associated Factors in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery with Suspicion of Surgical Site Infection at Arba Minch General Hospital in Southern Ethiopia

“…The diversity of bacterial isolates ( S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae , CoNS, A. baumannii, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., E. faecalis , and Proteus spp.) observed in the present study was in concordance with the previous studies conducted in different part of India, 5 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 23 , 31 Belgrade, Serbia, 29 Abbottabad-Pakistan, 7 and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 14 , 23 In line with the previous studies conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on surgical site infection, 14 , 23 but in contrast to a study done in Kashmir, India, 31 the Gram-negative bacilli were predominantly isolated.…”

“…observed in the present study was in concordance with the previous studies conducted in different part of India, 5 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 23 , 31 Belgrade, Serbia, 29 Abbottabad-Pakistan, 7 and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 14 , 23 In line with the previous studies conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on surgical site infection, 14 , 23 but in contrast to a study done in Kashmir, India, 31 the Gram-negative bacilli were predominantly isolated. The high prevalence rate of Gram-negative bacterial isolates could indicate faecal contamination as a result of inadequate personnel hygiene or post-procedural contamination, as well as the high prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria as normal flora in the hospital setting since ESKAPE pathogens were also isolated.…”

“…This finding was higher than that of a study done in Jammu and Kashmir, India among orthopaedic implant infections where the MDR level was 38.1%. 31 On the other hand, our finding was in line with the finding of a study conducted on postoperative wound infections at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where the MDR level was 65.5%. 14 In contrast, our finding was lower as compared to what has been reported among wound infections in South West Ethiopia, which was 85.2%.…”

“… 2 However, our finding was greater than the studies conducted in Manipal, India, ranging between 1.9% and 22.7%, 9 Belgrade, Serbia (22.7%), 29 Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia (2.6%), 12 Chhattisgarh, India (12%), 22 and Abbottabad-Pakistan (5.30%). 7 On the contrary, our findings were lower than those of studies conducted in various parts of India, with prevalence rates ranging from 68 to 90%, 8 , 15 , 23 , 30 , 31 and studies conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, with prevalence rates ranging from 54.3% to 82.4%. 14 , 23 The disparity could be explained by the incidence of bacterial etiology and infection prevention efforts in different hospital settings, study design, sample size, and population differences.…”

“…In this study, the predominant isolates were S. aureus , followed by K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa , and CoNS, which is similar to previous studies. 8 , 14 , 15 , 22 , 23 , 31 The possible justification for the predominance of S. aureus infection in this study (25%) could be attributed to an endogenous source, such as when the organism colonizes the skin and allows access to deep regions following surgery since it has special receptors for adherence onto the bone being the most common pathogen in osteomyelitis. Exogenously S. aureus can also be spread by the environment, surgical instruments, or via contaminated health-care workers’ hands.…”