Identification and Use of Plant Species as Ecological Indicators of Air Pollution Stress in National Park Units

Stolte, Kenneth W.; Mangis, D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4659-7_23

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Conservation biologists often use one or a small number of species as surrogates to help them tackle conservation problems (Thomas 1972;Cairns et al 1979;Panwar 1984;Wilcox 1984;Jarvinen 1985;Bibby et al 1992). Surrogate species are employed to indicate the extent of various types of anthropogenic influence (e.g., Burdick et al 1989;Stolte & Mangis 1992) or to track population changes of other species; these types of surrogate are by far the best worked examples . Surrogate species are also used proactively to locate areas of high biodiversity (Ricketts et al 1999) or to act as "umbrellas" for the requirements of sympatric species (Berger 1997); they thus can help in locating and designing reserves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Surrogate Species in Conservation Biology

O'Doherty

1999

Conservation Biology

773

544

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Conservation biologists have used surrogate species as a shortcut to monitor or solve conservation problems. Indicator species have been used to assess the magnitude of anthropogenic disturbance, to monitor population trends in other species, and to locate areas of high regional biodiversity. Umbrella species have been used to delineate the type of habitat or size of area for protection, and flagship species have been employed to attract public attention. Unfortunately, there has been considerable confusion over these terms, and several have been applied loosely and interchangeably. We attempt to provide some clarification and guidelines for the application of these different terms. For each type of surrogate, we briefly describe the way it has been used in conservation biology and then examine the criteria that managers and researchers use in selecting appropriate surrogate species. By juxtaposing these concepts, it becomes clear that both the goals and selection criteria of different surrogate classes differ substantially, indicating that they should not be conflated. This can be facilitated by first outlining the goals of a conservation study, explicitly stating the criteria involved in selecting a surrogate species, identifying a species according to these criteria, and then performing a pilot study to check whether the choice of species was appropriate before addressing the conservation problem itself. Surrogate species need to be used with greater care if they are to remain useful in conservation biology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Surrogate Species in Conservation Biology

O'Doherty

1999

Conservation Biology

773

544

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“…Land managers often look for ''shortcuts'' in the absence of funding to conduct all monitoring that would ideally describe the condition of lands and associated biota to inform management decisions (Tracy andBrussard 1994, Fleishman et al 2000). In the case of monitoring species diversity, a prominent shortcut is the proposal that the status of a small set of carefully chosen individual species can represent the integrity of the entire ecosystem (Thomas 1972, Noss 1990, Frost et al 1992, Stolte and Mangis 1992, Stohlgren et al 1995, Oliver and Beattie 1996, Dufrene and Legendre 1997, Lambeck 1997, Longino and Colwell 1997, Niemi et al 1997, Simberloff 1998). The impetus for such a shortcut comes from the recognition that it is infeasible to monitor all species, and conservation goals and management objectives for biological diversity and ecosystem integrity cannot be met by focusing on one species at a time (Franklin 1993, Wilcove 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Multiple-Species Approach to Monitoring Species at the Ecoregional Scale

Manley

Zielinski

Schlesinger

et al. 2004

Ecological Applications

124

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Monitoring is required of land managers and conservation practitioners to assess the success of management actions. “Shortcuts” are sought to reduce monitoring costs, most often consisting of the selection of a small number of species that are closely monitored to represent the status of many associated species and environmental correlates. Assumptions associated with such shortcuts have been challenged, yet alternative approaches remain scant. We evaluated an approach that departs significantly from the approach of selecting a few representative species. We explored two primary assertions: (1) that a coordinated multiple‐species monitoring effort that collects presence–absence data on a broad range of species is a robust alternative to a few intensive single‐species efforts, and (2) that the vertebrate species expected to be detected using this approach are numerous and diverse enough to represent all vertebrate species. We simulated monitoring the vertebrate species pool on an existing sample grid across the 7 million ha of public lands in the Sierra Nevada (USA) ecoregion. Based on the use of eight standard presence–absence protocols, we estimated the number of vertebrate species (excluding fish) with an adequate number of sample points within their range to detect ≥20% relative change in the proportion of points with detections between two points in time. We estimated that adequate detections would be obtained for 76% of the 465 vertebrate species, including 83% of all birds, 76% of all mammals, 65% of all reptiles, and 44% of all amphibians. Detection adequacy varied among life‐history and ecological groups, but >50% of the species were adequately detected in every group with the exception of three groups: rare species, endemic species, and species of concern (33%, 24%, and 47% of associated species adequately detected, respectively). A multiple‐species monitoring approach represents an effective and feasible alternative to the challenges of large‐scale monitoring needs by targeting the most basic of population data for a large number and breadth of species.

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“…However, our database was too small and contained too much variation to conduct robust spatial statistical analyses. If our sample size, or number of plants exposed, would have been larger, confidence levels in our results would have increased (Stolte and Mangis, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ozone Sensitivity of Green Ash Selections from Midwestern USA

Decoteau¹,

Marini²,

Davis³

2018

JAES

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Green ash seeds were collected from various sites in midwestern USA and shipped to The Pennsylvania State University for evaluation of resultant seedlings' potential use as ozone bioindicators. Seeds were germinated in pots and seedlings maintained for one year in a greenhouse containing carbon-filtered-air (5-8 ppb ozone). Seedlings were then planted in the field within four open-top chambers. The air in two of the chambers was charcoal-filtered and contained 24 to 34% of ambient ozone (Filt), whereas two chambers received non-filtered ambient air (NF). After 2.5 years in the chambers, ozone injury symptoms were not observed on seedlings in the Filt treatment. In contrast, ozone-induced leaf injury (dark adaxial stipple) was observed in the NF treatment on seedlings from seed collected in Missouri (MO1 and MO3), Wisconsin (WI2 and WI2), Nebraska (NE) and North Dakota (ND). However, only seedlings from MO3 and ND had ozone injury levels that were significant for all foliar injury metrics, suggesting that seedlings from these two seed sources may serve as ozone-sensitive bioindicators. Seedlings from seed source WI13 exhibited significant reductions in ozone-induced growth effects, even though they exhibited no foliar injury.

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Identification and Use of Plant Species as Ecological Indicators of Air Pollution Stress in National Park Units

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

On the Use of Surrogate Species in Conservation Biology

On the Use of Surrogate Species in Conservation Biology

Evaluation of a Multiple-Species Approach to Monitoring Species at the Ecoregional Scale

Ozone Sensitivity of Green Ash Selections from Midwestern USA

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