Identification and quantitative analysis of the chemical constituents of Gandouling tablets using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Abstract

Gandouling tablets are used in a clinical agent for the treatment of hepatocellular degeneration; however, their chemical constituents have not been elucidated. Here, we screened and identified the chemical constituents of Gandouling tablets using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry. A method for the quality evaluation of Gandouling tablets was developed by combining the UHPLC fingerprints and the simultaneous quantitative analysis of multiple active ingredients. For fingerprint analysis, 20 shared peaks were identified to assess the similarities among the 10 batches of Gandouling tablets and the similarity was >0.9. The levels of nine representative active ingredients were simultaneously determined to ensure consistency in quality. A total of 99 chemical components were identified, including 18 alkaloids, 20 anthraquinones, 13 flavonoids, 11 phenolic acids, 9 polyphenols, 7 phenanthrenes, 5 sesquiterpenes, 3 curcuminoids, 2 lignans, 2 isoflavones, 2 dianthranones, and 7 other components. The retention times, molecular formulae, and secondary fragmentation information of these compounds were analyzed, and the cleavage pathways and characteristic fragments of some of the representative compounds were elucidated. This systematic analysis used to identify the chemical components of Gandouling tablets lays the foundation for its further quality control and research on their pharmacodynamic substances.

Rapid classification and identification of chemical components in three different Zanthoxylum species by ultra‐high‐performance‐liquid chromatography quadrupole‐orbitrap‐mass spectrometry

“…In recent years, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been increasingly used in the analysis of components in traditional Chinese medicine [9]. Moreover, an increasing number of scholars were adopting ultra-high-performance-liquid chromatography quadrupole-orbitrap-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) to identify and analyze unknown herbal medicines in compound prescriptions [10][11][12]. Jang et al [13] used UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS to qualitatively analyze the main components of Jin Mu Tang, and 23 compounds were identified and characterized.…”

Gandouling alleviates nerve injury through PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 and Sirt1/FoxO1 signaling pathway to inhibit autophagy in the rats model of Wilson's disease

“…(Ezhu, EZ), which was approved by Anhui Food and Drug Administration as the hospital preparation of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2005 (Zhang et al., 2022 ). Early studies have shown the positive effects and mechanisms of GDL in the treatment of WD liver injury (Cheng et al., 2023 ; Liu et al., 2023 ; Zhang et al., 2021 ). Its protective effect on nerve injury has been proved in previous clinical, animal, and cell model studies (Dong et al., 2021 ; Zhang, 2019 ; Zhang et al., 2020 ).…”