“…TTX is found in a number of marine species, including species of pufferfish [3][4][5][6], gastropods (e.g. nassarius [7][8][9][10], trumpet shell [11], and sea slug [12,13]), xanthid crabs [14,15], red-spotted newts [16,17], and anuran family brachycephalidae [18]. TTX is primarily produced by bacteria, such as actinomyces, aeromonas, alteromonas, bacillus, pseudomonas, vibrio, shewanella algae, and shewanella putrefaciens [19].…”