Identification and quantification of new polybrominated dimethoxybiphenyls (PBDMBs) in marine mammals from Australia

Vetter, Walter; Turek, Claudia; Marsh, Göran; Gaus, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.065

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…16,215 High levels of contaminants documented in marine mammals include legacy chemicals such as the organochlorine pesticides including dichlorodiphenylethanes (ie, DDTs), dieldrin, chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polychlorinated dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 64,86,93,115,116,151,153,164 and emerging compounds such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 64,65,103,112,116,143,222 perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs), 34,64,117 hexabromocyclododecanes, and polybrominated dimethoxybiphenyls. 113,231,240 Hydroxylated PCBs and PBDEs were reported in various tissues of beluga whales, bottlenose dolphins, and killer whales (Orcinus orca). 11,102,143 In particular, the widespread coastal distribution of bottlenose dolphins and their role as apex predators support their relevance as important sentinel species for biomonitoring spatial and temporal trends in contaminants.…”

Section: Anthropogenic Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Mammals as Sentinel Species for Oceans and Human Health

2010

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The long-term consequences of climate change and potential environmental degradation are likely to include aspects of disease emergence in marine plants and animals. In turn, these emerging diseases may have epizootic potential, zoonotic implications, and a complex pathogenesis involving other cofactors such as anthropogenic contaminant burden, genetics, and immunologic dysfunction. The concept of marine sentinel organisms provides one approach to evaluating aquatic ecosystem health. Such sentinels are barometers for current or potential negative impacts on individual- and population-level animal health. In turn, using marine sentinels permits better characterization and management of impacts that ultimately affect animal and human health associated with the oceans. Marine mammals are prime sentinel species because many species have long life spans, are long-term coastal residents, feed at a high trophic level, and have unique fat stores that can serve as depots for anthropogenic toxins. Marine mammals may be exposed to environmental stressors such as chemical pollutants, harmful algal biotoxins, and emerging or resurging pathogens. Since many marine mammal species share the coastal environment with humans and consume the same food, they also may serve as effective sentinels for public health problems. Finally, marine mammals are charismatic megafauna that typically stimulate an exaggerated human behavioral response and are thus more likely to be observed.

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Section: Anthropogenic Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Mammals as Sentinel Species for Oceans and Human Health

2010

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“…Blubber from a variety of Australian marine mammals contained a diverse array of naturally occurring polybrominated dimethoxybiphenyls, including 1098-1100. 826 Bioassay-directed fractionation of the fireworm Eurythoe complanata yielded complanine 1101 as the active principle. 827 Phthalates 1102-1104 were reported as very mild cathepsin B-inhibiting components of extracts of the seahorse Hippocampus kuda.…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine natural products

et al. 2010

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This review covers the literature published in 2008 for marine natural products, with 829 citations (613 for the period January to December 2008) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1065 for 2008), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.

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“…At present, few reports are available on concentrations of these two compounds in biota in general. Much higher concentrations of 2,2 0 -diMeO-BB80 have been reported in Australian bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates) (1,800 ng/ g fat) and in tiger sharks (up to 2,300 ng/g fat) from the Japanese coast [13,42], showing that the levels of this compound vary by region. The 2 0 ,6-diMeO-BDE68 concentrations were, however, very similar between species from different locations [13,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Neutral and phenolic brominated organic compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin in northeast Atlantic Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus)

Strid

Athanassiadis

Athanasiadou

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In the present study, muscle and liver tissue from 10 female Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) collected in Icelandic waters were analyzed for neutral and phenolic brominated organic compounds, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and the structurally related methoxylated (MeO) and hydroxylated (OH) PBDEs. Hydroxylated PBDEs exist both as natural products and as metabolites of the anthropogenic PBDEs, whereas MeO-PBDEs appear to exclusively be of natural origin. Other compounds examined were 2',6-dimethoxy-2,3',4,5'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (2',6-diMeO-BDE68), 2,2'-dimethoxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl (2,2'-diMeO-BB80), 2,4,6-tribromoanisol (2,4,6-TBA) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol, all of natural origin, although 2,4,6-TBA and its phenolic counterpart may also be of anthropogenic origin. The major brominated organic compound was 6-MeO-BDE47, and ΣMeO-PBDE ranged from 49 to 210 ng/g fat in muscle and from 55 to 200 ng/g fat in liver tissue. Total concentrations of PBDEs were lower than ΣMeO-PBDE, in all but one sample, ranging between 7.3 to 190 and 9.9 to 200 ng/g fat in muscle and liver, respectively, and major congeners were BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-100. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers were analyzed using both high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) as a quality assurance, and the results from this comparison were acceptable. In accordance with previous work on Greenland sharks, no size/age-related accumulation was observed. Differences seen in concentrations were instead assumed to be a reflection of different feeding habits among the individuals. Phenolic compounds were only formed/retained in trace amounts in the Greenland shark. Among the phenolic compounds studied were 6-OH-BDE47, 2'-OH-BDE68, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol, all detected in liver and the latter two in muscle.

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Identification and quantification of new polybrominated dimethoxybiphenyls (PBDMBs) in marine mammals from Australia

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Marine Mammals as Sentinel Species for Oceans and Human Health

Marine Mammals as Sentinel Species for Oceans and Human Health

Marine natural products

Neutral and phenolic brominated organic compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin in northeast Atlantic Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus)

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