Identification and quantification of hydride phases in Zircaloy-4 cladding using synchrotron X-ray diffraction

Daum, Robert S.; Chu, Yong S.; Motta, Arthur T.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.04.004

Cited by 111 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…A semi-quantitative phase analysis for the d-hydride volume fractions and hydrogen contents was also performed by comparing the integrated intensities of the d-hydride and a-Zr peaks using the procedure and weighting factors described in literature. [13] The volume ratio of d-ZrH 1.66 and a-Zr phases can be estimated according to the following equation [14] :…”

Section: A Phase Identification and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volume fractions V d of the d-hydride phase in the 10-and 20-atm-hydrided samples can thus be calculated to be 1 and 10 pct, respectively. From the calculation results of V d , the corresponding hydrogen contents [H] were then estimated to be 182 and 1584 ppm, respectively, using the following equation [13] :…”

Section: A Phase Identification and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Observations on the Zirconium Hydride Precipitation and Distribution in Zircaloy-4

Wang

Garbe

et al. 2013

Metall Mater Trans B

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Hydride precipitation and distribution in hot-rolled and annealed Zircaloy-4 plate samples artificially induced by gaseous hydrogen charging were studied primarily by neutron tomography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and SEM-based electron backscattered diffraction techniques. The precipitated hydride platelet (δ-ZrH1.66) at a hydrogen pressure of 20 atm was found following the {111}δ-ZrH1.66//(0001) α-Zr with the surrounding α-Zr matrix. The microstructural characterization indicated that hydrides with a relatively uniform distribution were precipitated on the rolling-transverse section of the plate, whereas, on the normaltransverse section, a hydride concentration gradient was present with a dense hydride layer near the surface. Further, the neutron tomography investigations clearly identified the nonuniform spatial distribution of hydrides. Thin hydride layers preferentially formed on the sample surface, and the concentrated hydrides precipitating at the edges/corner of the sample were observed. The causes for the localized hydride accumulation were also discussed. Disciplines Engineering | Science and Technology Studies Publication DetailsWang, Z., Garbe, U., Li, H., Harrison, R. P., Kaestner, A. & Lehmann, E. (2014 Hydride precipitation and distribution in hot-rolled and annealed Zircaloy-4 plate samples artificially induced by gaseous hydrogen charging were studied primarily by neutron tomography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and SEM-based electron backscattered diffraction techniques. The precipitated hydride platelet (d-ZrH 1.66 ) at a hydrogen pressure of 20 atm was found following the {111} d-ZrH1.66 //(0001) a-Zr with the surrounding a-Zr matrix. The microstructural characterization indicated that hydrides with a relatively uniform distribution were precipitated on the rolling-transverse section of the plate, whereas, on the normal-transverse section, a hydride concentration gradient was present with a dense hydride layer near the surface. Further, the neutron tomography investigations clearly identified the nonuniform spatial distribution of hydrides. Thin hydride layers preferentially formed on the sample surface, and the concentrated hydrides precipitating at the edges/ corner of the sample were observed. The causes for the localized hydride accumulation were also discussed.

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Section: A Phase Identification and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Phase Identification and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the Zirconium Hydride Precipitation and Distribution in Zircaloy-4

Wang

Garbe

et al. 2013

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…The δ-hydride phase was found to be the predominant at hydrogen content up to 1250 wt ppm, at about 3000 wt ppm of hydrogen a significant amount of γ-hydride was observed, and at the highest hydrogen content, over 6000 wt ppm, the ε-hydride phase appeared [23]. The hydrides observed in fuel cladding exposed to reactor environment were the most often fcc δ-hydride ZrH 1.6 [7].…”

Section: Hydrogen Degradationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hydrogen degradation of pre-oxidized zirconium alloys

Szoka

Gajowiec

Zieliński

et al. 2017

Advances in Materials Science

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The presence of the oxide layers on Zr alloys may retard or enhance the hydrogen entry and material degradation, depending on the layer features. This research has been aimed to determine the effects of preoxidation of the Zircaloy-2 alloy at a different temperature on hydrogen degradation. The specimens were oxidised in laboratory air at 350ºC, 700ºC, and 900ºC. After, some samples were tensed at 10-5 strain rate and simultaneously charged with hydrogen under constant direct voltage in 1 N sulfuric acid at room temperature. Other specimens were charged without any tension, then annealed at 400ºC for 4 h and finally tensed at above strain rate. The SEM examinations were performed on the cross-sections and fracture faces of specimens. The obtained results demonstrate the effects of the oxide layer on the cathodic current and hydrogen entry, mechanical properties and the appearance of hydrides and fracture behaviour.

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“…Some disks were processed using HPT for 5 resolutions. Details concerning the description of the HPT processing and the characterization of the HPT-induced microstructural evolution could be found in 3 Ref. [2].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydride volume fractions and hydrogen content ([H]) achieved for each hydrided sample were estimated based on the integrated intensities of specific XRD peaks using the calculation method described in [3]. Samples for metallurgical examinations were prepared according to standard procedures, and etched with a solution of 10 mL HF, 100 mL HNO 3 and 100 mL distilled water for 30 s. The microstructural characterization was performed using a JEOL JSM-6490LA scanning electron microscope (SEM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural evolution during gaseous hydrogen charging of Zircaloy-4 processed by high-pressure torsion: A comparative study

Wang

Garbe

et al. 2012

Materials Letters

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The original and high-pressure torsion (HPT) processed Zircaloy-4 materials were hydrided using gaseous hydrogen charging at different hydrogen pressures (10, 15 and 20 atm). The phase and microstructural evolutions of the samples during hydriding were characterized. It showed that when hydriding at the identical conditions, more hydrides tended to form in the HPT samples compared to that of the original ones. At a hydrogen pressure of 20 atm, the HPT sample was completely converted to ε-ZrH 2 while some δ-ZrH 1.66 hydrides (volume fraction ~5.73%) were present in the material without HPT preprocessing. The HPT samples exhibited high potential for the hydride precipitation, and the large concentration of lattice defects induced by HPT was considered to be responsible for this enhanced susceptibility.

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Identification and quantification of hydride phases in Zircaloy-4 cladding using synchrotron X-ray diffraction

Cited by 111 publications

References 28 publications

Observations on the Zirconium Hydride Precipitation and Distribution in Zircaloy-4

Observations on the Zirconium Hydride Precipitation and Distribution in Zircaloy-4

Hydrogen degradation of pre-oxidized zirconium alloys

Microstructural evolution during gaseous hydrogen charging of Zircaloy-4 processed by high-pressure torsion: A comparative study

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