Identification and Pathogenicity of Paramyrothecium Species Associated with Leaf Spot Disease in Northern Thailand

Abstract

Species of Paramyrothecium that are reported as plant pathogens and cause leaf spot or leaf blight have been reported on many commercial crops worldwide. In 2019, during a survey of fungi causing leaf spots on plants in Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son provinces, northern Thailand, 16 isolates from 14 host species across nine plant families were collected. A new species Paramyrothecium vignicola sp. nov. was identified based on morphology and concatenated (ITS, cmdA, rpb2, and tub2) phylogeny. Further, P. breviseta and P. foliicola represented novel geographic records to Thailand, while P. eichhorniae represented a novel host record (Psophocarpus sp., Centrosema sp., Aristolochia sp.). These species were confirmed to be the causal agents of the leaf spot disease through pathogenicity assay. Furthermore, cross pathogenicity tests on Coffea arabica L., Commelina benghalensis L., Glycine max (L.) Merr., and Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott revealed multiple host ranges for these pathogens. Further research is required into the host–pathogen relationship of Paramyrothecium species that cause leaf spot and their management. Biotic and abiotic stresses caused by climate change may affect plant health and disease susceptibility. Hence, proper identification and monitoring of fungal communities in the environment are important to understand emerging diseases and for implementation of disease management strategies.

Sub-lethal fungicide concentrations both reduce and stimulate the growth rate of non-target soil fungi from a natural grassland

“…(RLCS10, De Mers, 2022; Htun et al, 2022;Martinko et al, 2022;Xu et al, 2022), RLCS22-Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Wang et al, 2022), and RLCS23-Paramyrothecium sp. (Haudenshield et al, 2018;Pinruan et al, 2022;Withee et al, 2022),. These isolates were more tolerant to the sub-lethal concentrations of either prothioconazole or isopyrazam used in this study.…”

First report of Paramyrothecium foliicola causing leaf spots on hop

“…Recent examples are: on eggplant in the Philippines (Aumentado and Balendres 2022), on watermelon in Mexico (Cruz-Lachica et al 2021), and tomato in China (Huo et al 2022). Besides that, cross-inoculations of P. foliicola have indicated that this species is a polyphagous fungal pathogen capable of infecting unrelated crop plants such as lettuce, coffee, and soybean (Matić et al 2019;Withee et al 2022). Paramyrothecium foliicola was originally isolated from an unidentified rotten leaf in Brazil (Lombard et al 2016).…”

Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases

“…In the research paper of Withee et al [ 14 ], 16 isolates of Paramyrothecium spp. retrieved from 14 host species across nine plant families are collected and identified.…”