Identification and comparison of the volatile constituents of fresh and dried leaves ofSpondias mombinfound in North-central Nigeria:in vitroevaluation of their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities

Abstract

Context:Various studies have shown that the leaf extracts of Spondias mombin Linn (Anacardiaceae) possess pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and antiviral effects. However, no biological activity from its essential oil has been reported in literature. Objective: To analyse the chemical constituents, cytotoxic activity and antioxidant capability of the essential oils from fresh and dried leaves of S. mombin. Materials and methods: Hydrodistillation using Clevenger-type apparatus was employed to obtain the essential oil. Oil analysis was performed using an HP 6890 Gas Chromatograph coupled with an HP 5973 Mass Selective Detector. The cytotoxicity bioassay was carried out using the brine shrimp lethality test (10,000-0.01 lg/mL). Additionally, the reactive oxygen species scavenging potential of the two S. mombin oils (1000-200 lg/mL) were investigated using a hydroxyl radical scavenging and ferric iron reducing system. Results: Chemical analysis of essential oils from S. mombin revealed the presence of 41 compounds, with predominance of monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and non-terpenoids derivatives. In both fractions, the principal component was b-caryophellene (27.9-30.9%), followed by c-cadinene (9.7-12.3%). There was an increase in the oxygenated monoterpenoid contents and a concomitant decrease in the amounts of sesquiterpenoids hydrocarbons observed on drying the leaves. The oil obtained from the fresh leaves was more active than that obtained from dried leaves, with LC 50 values (from the brine shrimp lethality assay) of 0.01 and 4.78 lg/mL, respectively. The two oils (from fresh and dried leaves) at 1.0 mg/mL scavenged hydroxyl radical by 83% and 99.8%, respectively. Moreover, they reduced ferric ion significantly and compared favourably with vitamin C. Conclusions: Essential oil derived from the leaves of S. mombin could hold promise for future application in the treatment of cancer-related diseases. ARTICLE HISTORY

In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of essential oils encapsulated in gelatin‐pectin particles against sugar, lipid and protein oxidation and amylase and glucosidase activity

“…Mass spectra were obtained at 80 eV with mass ranges of 50–400 m/z. The essential oil compositions were determined by comparing the fragmentation patterns of the peaks with libraries mass spectra (Wiley 7n and NISTO5A) (Oladimeji et al., 2016). The amounts of phenol content in samples were determined using gallic acid as standard.…”

GC-MS-Based Metabolomic Profiles Combined with Chemometric Tools and Cytotoxic Activities of Non-Polar Leaf Extracts of Spondias mombin L. and Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.

“…Therefore, Spondias mombin can be a good source of natural pesticides and antitumor agents. 46 Among the compounds identified in S. tuberosa, some studies reported the presence of α-cadinol in Pallenis spinose extracts, which inhibited proliferation of leukemic and solid tumor cells (MCF-7, HepG2, HT-1080, and Caco-2) with an IC 50 in the ranges of 0.25-0.66 μg mL −1 and 0.50-2.35 μg mL −1 , respectively. 47 Another compound identified was stearic acid, which is associated with reduced cardiovascular and cancer risks.…”

Antiulcer Activity and Potential Mechanism of Action of the Leaves of Spondias mombin L.

“…Fraction of the ethyl acetate yielded seven subfractions, out of which the pure gallic acid, coumaroyl, quercetin, and derivatives were obtained [ 17 ]. The volatile composition of the leaves was made possible to identify the presence of 41 compounds; the principal component was β -caryophyllene and followed by γ -cadinene [ 20 ]. Besides, the phytochemical screening of the leaves and barks revealed the presence alkaloids, glycosides, saponin, lipid and oil, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and acids [ 21 ].…”