Antiulcer Activity and Potential Mechanism of Action of the Leaves of Spondias mombin L.

Abstract

Spondias mombin L. is used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and gastrointestinal diseases. Our study investigated the antiulcer activity of S. mombin ethanolic extract (SmEE) and its majority compounds gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA). Phytochemical characterization was performed by HPLC. The SmEE was screened for in vitro antioxidant activities using phosphomolybdenum, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The antiulcer activity of SmEE, GA, EA, or GA + EA was evaluated by gastric lesion models induced by absolute ethanol and indomethacin. Following this, it is capable of stimulating mucus production, antisecretory capacity, and the influence of −SH groups and NO in the effect of SmEE. Its healing activity was demonstrated by acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer model. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was assessed by determining the MIC of the SmEE (64–1024 μg/mL). The HPLC results identified the presence of gallic acid and ellagic acid in SmEE. The extract showed antioxidant activity in vitro. SmEE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) reduced the area of ulcerative lesions induced by ethanol in 23.8, 90.3, and 90.2%, respectively. In NSAID model, the SmEE induced protection of 36.8, 49.4, and 49.9%, respectively. GA (10 mg/kg) or EA (7 mg/kg) or the association of GA + EA (10 + 7 mg/kg) inhibited the ethanol-induced lesions in 71.8, 70.9, and 94.9%, respectively, indicating synergistic action. SmEE (100 mg/kg) decreased acid secretion and H+ concentration in the gastric contents, increased levels of mucus, and showed to be dependent of −SH groups and NO on the protection of the gastric mucosa. In chronic ulcer model, SmEE reduced the gastric area lesion. SmEE showed anti-H. pylori activity. In conclusion, our study showed that SmEE has antiulcerogenic activity. GA and EA are isolated gastric protectors and, when associated, acted synergistically to protect the gastric mucosa.

RETRACTED: Antiulcerogenic Activity of Li‐Zhong Decoction on Duodenal Ulcers Induced by Indomethacin in Rats: Involvement of TLR‐2/MyD88 Signaling Pathway

“…Both PGE 2 and TNF-α can be controlled by TLR-2/ MyD88 signaling pathway, and numerous studies have demonstrated that downregulation of TLR-2/MyD88 signaling pathway [37], promotion of PGE 2 secretion [4], and inhibition of TNF-α expression [3,5] could make important contribution to the suppression of the development of peptic ulcer. In the present study, we observed the marked upregulation of TLR-2, MyD88, and TNF-α in the epithelium and the granulation tissues at the base of the ulcer, compared with normal duodenal tissues without ulcers, which implied that these factors could accelerate ulcer formation.…”

“…e number and the severity of discrete areas of gross damage in the mucosa were examined under a three-fold magnifier and assessed by two pathologists who were unaware of the drug treatment. e ulcer score of the rat duodenum was graded on a 0-5 point scale based on the severity of erosion and formation of hemorrhages according to the modified method described by Cantarella et al [20] as follows: almost normal, no damage (0), pinpoint erosions (1), lesions < 1 mm length (2), lesions 1-2 mm length (3), lesions 3-4 mm length (4), and lesions > 4 mm length (5). e ulcer score for each rat was calculated as the number of lesions multiplied by their corresponding score.…”

“…Recently, serious attention has been paid to natural products, owing not only to its favorable safety profile and relatively low cost but also to its attracting efficacy, minimal postprandial untoward effects, and superior compatibility with human body system. With regard to DU therapies, various research studies have shown potential gastroprotective activities of plant-based extracts and TCM formulas, such as Citrus sinensis [1], Melastoma malabathricum [4], Spondias mombin [5], and Xiao Chaihu decoction [6].…”

Evaluation of gastroprotective and ulcer healing activities of yellow mombin juice from Spondias mombin L.

“…The experiments for this study and a related study were carried out jointly so that for the control and ranitidine groups, data from the same animals is used for both this study and a previously published study [9], allowing a reduction of 12 animals.…”

“…In addition, they found that the major compounds found in SmEE, ellagic acid and gallic acid are gastric protectors and when evaluated in association the protective activity is increased [9]. …”