Identification and Characterization of Toraja Local Rice Germplasm

Abstract

This study aims to identify local Toraja rice cultivars based on similarities and differences in morphological characters so that they can play a role in breeding and the conservation of local rice biodiversity. Activities carried out through exploration for seeds of local rice varieties with the main location of Sesean District, Rinding Allo District, Tikala District, Buntu Pepasan District, Kapala Pitu District, and Suloara District. Data collected in the form of the name of the local variety, origin, main character and potential yield and seeds. The results showed that local rice that was still planted in North Toraja consisted of 21 cultivars, namely Pare Sisaling, Pare Kanuku, Seko Bulan, Pare Barri, Pare Lea, Pare Barri Ba’tan, Pare Mandoti, Pare Bugi’, Pare Kombong, Pare Baruku, Pare Lambau, Pare Lallodo, Pare Ambo’, Pare Kaluku, Pare Datte’, Pare Ikko’ Lia, Pare Lottong, Pare Kasalle, Pare Bulaan, Pare Bau’, Pare Dambu. Morphological characters that differentiate each local rice cultivar, namely : (1) Stems, consist of the number of total and productive tillers, height, diameter, type of surface, surface color, number of nodes and length of internodus; (2) Leaves, consisting of the length and color of the leaf tongue; leaf length; and size, top surface, and leaf color; (3) Flower, consisting of panicle length, number of grains in 1 panicle, shape, size, surface type, surface color, surface tip, tail at the tip of the surface (existence, length, and color), length of stalk, and color of stalk; (4) Fruit grain, consisting of shape, size, type of surface, surface color, state of the tip of the surface, tail at the tip of the surface (existence, length, and color), length of stalk, stalk color, as well as grain loss; and (5) Seeds, consisting of shape, size, color, and the presence of glutinous substances on the surface.

Heritability and genetic advancement on agronomic characters of Toraja red rice x Inpari-4 white rice genotypes

“…Male and female seeds of parental Pare Lea' plants (P1) and Inpari-4 parental (P2) and F1 plants were planted in plastic buckets (10 liters), whereas seeds from F2 plants were cultivated in paddy fields with a spacing of 50 × 25 × 15 cm. P1 and P2 were cultivated from January to May 2017 and from February to May 2017; F1 was cultivated from July to October 2017, whereas F2 was cultivated from February to May 2018 (Limbongan et al 2019). The germinated seeds were transplanted after 21 days to a wellpulverized soil using the System of Rice Intensification practices.…”

“…The following characteristics of the different plant varieties were observed and recorded during this study: plant height (cm), numbers of productive tillers (stem), harvest age (day), panicle length (cm), flag leaf length (cm), the percentage of filled grains (%), 1,000-grain weight (g), and filled-grain weight/hill (Limbongan et al 2019). The standard value for each parameter was documented using the Standard Evaluation System (SES) recommended by the International Rice Research Institute.…”

“…To improve yield, we have explored various methods, including conventional cross-breeding with short-lived and high-yielding "Inpari-4" white rice variety (Limbongan et al 2019), and plant mutation using the heavy-ion beam (Sjahril et al 2020;Riadi et al 2018). Consequently, we have opted for conventional breeding to produce new varieties, which began with forming new populations through crossings to combine important agronomic characters from different parents.…”

Agronomic performance and correlation of growth components, yield components and production on 30 F3 lines of new plant type of black rice specific to highland ecosystems

“…Local black rice is still widely found scattered in Tana Toraja and North Toraja regencies, namely Pare Ambo, Pare Lallodo, Pare Lottong, and Pare Pulu Seba [5]. The local black rice is still maintained by the local community because it has the advantage that it is able to adapt well to the stress of low temperatures in the highlands, besides that the taste of rice is delicious so it is liked by the Toraja people so that its selling value is higher than ordinary rice on the market [6]. Among the black local rice, Pare Ambo and Pare Lallodo have been registered with the Plant Variety Protection Center of the Ministry of Agriculture as local varieties from Toraja.…”

Uji keberhasilan persilangan, heterosis dan penampilan F1 padi lokal Pare Bau x Impari 4

“…Upaya inovatif yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi lokal aromatik Pare Bau, salah satunya adalah melalui kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman dengan melakukan persilangan buatan. Persilangan antara padi lokal spesifik wilayah dengan padi unggul nasional merupakan terobosan baru yang dapat dilakukan untuk merakit padi tipe baru yang unggul dan spesifik wilayah (Limbongan et al, 2019). Selain itu, tingginya keragaman genetik yang dimiliki oleh padi lokal sehingga berpotensi besar dijadikan sebagai tetua dalam pemuliaan tanaman (Sitaresmi et al, 2015).…”