Identification and characterization of the phytoplasma associated with lettuce chlorotic leaf rot disease together with its natural reservoirs and leafhopper vectors in China

Lin, Jixiu; Yang, Chuanyu; Liu, Jianmi; Yu, Shao-Shuai; Xing, Jichun; Huang, P; Chen, Wenle; Bao, Yixue; Hu, Qibin; Chen, Caixia

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105318

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…P. asteris' on lettuce in the U.S. In a recent study, Lin et al (2020) stated that the phytoplasma associated with lettuce chlorotic leaf rot disease was related to the 16SrI-B subgroup with 99% nucleotide identity. They reported that the disease could be transmitted with leaf hopper (Macrosteles striifrons) to healthy lettuce plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

First report of lettuce yellowing disease caused by a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’‐related strain in Lactuca sativa in Turkey

Akkurak

Güldür

Şimşek

et al. 2021

New Disease Reports

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Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is grown in greenhouse or field conditions in most parts of Turkey. It is generally cultivated as a winter crop in southern regions of Turkey where the climatic conditions are suitable.Commercially grown lettuce showing typical phytoplasma symptoms of yellowing, malformation, little leaf, shoot tip necrosis, stunting and aThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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confidence: 99%

First report of lettuce yellowing disease caused by a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’‐related strain in Lactuca sativa in Turkey

Akkurak

Güldür

Şimşek

et al. 2021

New Disease Reports

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“…The plant host diversity of the phytoplasmas might be conducive to the pathogens’ adaptation to different living and ecological environments, and these plant hosts of the phytoplasmas could be used as natural reservoirs or transmission vectors to assist in and promote the spread of the phytoplasmas and the epidemiology of the related diseases [ 14 , 49 , 50 ]. It was reported that paulownia witches’ broom phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrI-D subgroup were detected among seven species of plants, including Eleusine indica , Capsicum annuum , Setaria viridis , Dioscorea opposite , Physalis angulate , Arachis hypogaea and Cucurbita moschata , which were probable natural hosts of the paulownia witches’ broom phytoplasmas, promoting the spread of the phytoplasmas and the epidemiology of the paulownia witches’ broom disease in Shandong Province in China [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that paulownia witches’ broom phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrI-D subgroup were detected among seven species of plants, including Eleusine indica , Capsicum annuum , Setaria viridis , Dioscorea opposite , Physalis angulate , Arachis hypogaea and Cucurbita moschata , which were probable natural hosts of the paulownia witches’ broom phytoplasmas, promoting the spread of the phytoplasmas and the epidemiology of the paulownia witches’ broom disease in Shandong Province in China [ 49 ]. Lin et al found that the chinaberry tree ( Melia azedarach ) might serve as an alternative host of the lettuce chlorotic leaf rot phytoplasma belonging to the 16SrI-B subgroup, associated with the lettuce chlorotic leaf rot disease, which was carried by the leafhopper, Macrosteles striifrons [ 50 ]. The areca palm yellow leaf diseases occurring in Hainan Island in China, caused by the phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrI group, might be spread using host plants, such as Pericampylus glaucus , Waltheria indica , pepper ( Capsicum annuum ), chinaberry and periwinkle as the pathogen transmission vectors, but not as insect vectors [ 8 , 9 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification and Characterization of Two Groups of Phytoplasma and Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus in Single or Mixed Infection of Citrus maxima on Hainan Island of China

Zhu

Song

et al. 2022

Biology

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The pathogens associated with citrus Huanglongbing symptoms, including yellowing and mottled leaves in Citrus maxima, an important economic crop on Hainan Island of China, were identified and characterized. In the study, detection, genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship analysis of the pathogens were performed based on 16S rRNA and β-operon gene fragments specific to phytoplasma and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. The results indicated that the pathogens—such as phytoplasma strains of CmPII-hn belonging to the 16SrII-V subgroup and CmPXXXII-hn belonging to the 16SrXXXII-D subgroup, as well as Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus strains CmLas-hn—were identified in the diseased plant samples, with numbers of 12, 2 and 6 out of 54, respectively. Among them, mixed infection with the 16SrII-V subgroup phytoplasma and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was found in the study, accounting for 7.4% (four samples). The phytoplasma strains of CmPII-hn—Tephrosia purpurea witches’ broom, Melochia corchorifolia witches’ broom and Emilia sonchifolia witches’ broom—were clustered into one clade belonging to the 16SrII-V subgroup, with a 99% bootstrap value. The phytoplasma strains of CmPXXXII-hn and Trema tomentosa witches’ broom belonging to 16SrXXXII-D, and the other 16SrXXXII subgroup strains were clustered into one clade belonging to the 16SrXXXII group with a 99% bootstrap value. There were 16 variable loci in the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the tested 16SrXXXII group phytoplasma strains, of which two bases had an insertion/deletion. The strains of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, identified in the study and the strains that had been deposited in GenBank, were in one independent cluster with a 99% bootstrap value. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that Citrus maxima can be infected by 16SrII-V and16SrXXXII-D subgroup phytoplasmas in China. Moreover, this is also the first report in which the plants are co-infected by 16SrII-V subgroup phytoplasmas and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. More comprehensive and detailed identification and characterization of the pathogens associated with the diseased symptoms in Citrus maxima on the island in China would be beneficial for epidemic monitoring and for the effective prevention and control of related plant diseases.

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“…Since then, it has posed a persistent threat to the local lettuce production industry, causing significant economic losses every year. The causative agent, a 16SrI-B subgroup phytoplasma, is transmitted by the leafhopper Macrosteles striifrons and specifically invades the plant phloem ( 1 ). After infection, apical leaves become elongated and pale, growing buds rot, and plants eventually die.…”

Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of “ Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris” QS2022, a Plant Pathogen Associated with Lettuce Chlorotic Leaf Rot Disease in China

Yan

Lin²,

Liu

et al. 2023

Microbiol Resour Announc

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Identification and characterization of the phytoplasma associated with lettuce chlorotic leaf rot disease together with its natural reservoirs and leafhopper vectors in China

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

First report of lettuce yellowing disease caused by a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’‐related strain in Lactuca sativa in Turkey

First report of lettuce yellowing disease caused by a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’‐related strain in Lactuca sativa in Turkey

Molecular Identification and Characterization of Two Groups of Phytoplasma and Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus in Single or Mixed Infection of Citrus maxima on Hainan Island of China

Complete Genome Sequence of “ Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris” QS2022, a Plant Pathogen Associated with Lettuce Chlorotic Leaf Rot Disease in China

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