Identification and characterization of pathotypes in Puccinia horiana, a rust pathogen of Chrysanthemum x morifolium

Backer, Mathias De; Alaei, Hossein; Bockstaele, Erik Van; Roldán‐Ruiz, Isabel; Lee, Théo van der; Maes, Martine; Heungens, Kurt

doi:10.1007/s10658-011-9756-8

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…As mentioned in the Section 3.1.1.3, pathotypes have been identified (Water 1981;Yamaguchi 1981;Krebs, 1985;Garcia-Velasco et al 2007;De Backer et al, 2011). At least 128 (= 2 7 ) pathotypes are theoretically possible, given that De Backer et al (2011) demonstrated the existence of at least seven avirulence genes. Strains that are missing at least five avirulence genes have been identified (De Backer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pest Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many cultivars remain on the market, however, that do not contain the more crucial resistance genes and only 10-20 % of the cultivars is considered resistant to some extent (EFSA, in press). Also, complementary virulent strains, which might currently be based on single resistance genes, have been identified inside and outside of the risk assessment area (De Backer et al, 2011). Recombination of such genotypes could create strains with new virulence characteristics.…”

Section: Potential For Consequences In the Risk Assessment Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial studies pointed to a single resistance gene, present in simplex or duplex form (De Jong and Rademaker, 1986;Rademaker and De Jong, 1987), but this conclusion was drawn based on a limited pathogen population, possibly even a single pathotype. A more recent study pointed to the existence of at least seven resistance genes (De Backer et al, 2011) and some breeding programmes currently incorporate resistance against all known pathotypes (EFSA, in press). Many cultivars remain on the market, however, that do not contain the more crucial resistance genes and only 10-20 % of the cultivars is considered resistant to some extent (EFSA, in press).…”

Section: Current Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least 128 (= 2 7 ) pathotypes are theoretically possible, given that De Backer et al (2011) demonstrated the existence of at least seven avirulence genes. Strains that are missing at least five avirulence genes have been identified (De Backer et al, 2011). Such strains are virulent even on cultivars containing the five corresponding resistance genes and their existence demonstrates the potential selection pressure on the remaining resistance genes.…”

Section: Pest Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study demonstrated that at least seven host resistance genes against P. horiana are available (De Backer et al, 2011). Some breeding programmes currently incorporate resistance against all known pathotypes (EFSA, in press).…”

Section: Pest Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed byPuccinia horianaHennings for the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

Rossi¹

2013

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest risk assessment for Puccinia horiana Hennings (the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust) for the EU territory, identified risk management options and evaluated their effectiveness. The assessment was conducted taking into account current EU legislation. The Panel also provided an opinion on the effectiveness of the present EU requirements against this organism, listed in Council Directive 2000/29/EC. Two major pathways for entry were identified: plant material of susceptible hosts for propagation purposes and cut flowers of Chrysanthemum × morifolium. The probability of further entry of the pest was considered unlikely, as the existing certification schemes for propagation material should reduce the risk of importing infected cuttings. For cut flowers, pest transfer to susceptible hosts is associated with the potentially incorrect disposal of cut flower waste within the vicinity of places of production, which is considered a rare event. The probability of establishment and further spread were both considered very likely. The current overall impact in the risk assessment area was considered minor, with medium uncertainty, mainly because standard protective actions are taken in most EU production areas. Risk reduction options to reduce the probability of entry and spread and mitigate the impact were analysed. Council Directive 2000/29/EC addresses mainly the sanitary status of the propagation material. The Directive cannot prevent the entry, establishment and spread, or mitigate the impact, of the pathogen. Were the current regulation to be removed, the frequency of introduction would probably increase. This poses a risk because, although the pest is widespread in the risk assessment area, not all Member States are infested and not all pest pathotypes are present. If a statutory certification system, with associated import requirements for propagation material of host plants, were introduced, this would include practically all prescriptions of the present regulation. © European Food Safety Authority, 2013 KEY WORDSChrysanthemum × morifolium, Chrysanthemum spp., European Union, risk reduction, white rust of chrysanthemum. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the pest risk of Puccinia horiana, for the EU territory, and to identify risk management options and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the risk to plant health posed by the organism. In particular, the Panel was asked to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the present EU requirements against this organism, which are laid down in Council Directive 2000/29/EC, in reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into, and its spread within, the EU territory.The Panel conducted the risk assessment following the general principles of the -Guidance on a harmonized framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options‖ (EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), 2010) an...

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