Identification and characterization of chicken circovirus from commercial broiler chickens in China

Abstract

Circoviruses are found in many species, including mammals, birds, lower vertebrates and invertebrates. To date, there are no reports of circovirus‐induced diseases in chickens. In this study, we identified a new strain of chicken circovirus (CCV) by PacBio third‐generation sequencing samples from chickens with acute gastroenteritis in a Shandong commercial broiler farm in China. The complete genome of CCV was verified by inverse PCR. Genomic analysis revealed that CCV codes two inverse open reading frames (ORFs), and a potential stem‐loop structure was present at the 5′ end with a structure typical of a circular virus. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CCV formed an independent branch between mammalian and avian circovirus, and homology analysis indicated that the homology of CCV with 21 other known circoviruses was less than 40%. Thus, this CCV strain represents a new species in the genus Circovirus. The infection rate of CCV in 12 chickens with diarrhoea was 100%, but no CCV was found in healthy chickens, thereby indicating that the novel CCV strain is highly associated with acute infectious gastroenteritis in chickens. The emergence of a novel CCV in commercial broiler chickens is highly concerning for the broiler industry.

Novel Cyclovirus Identified in Broiler Chickens With Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis in China

“…These samples had pretested negative for pathogenic bacteria, avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), Marek's disease virus (MDV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), infectious bursa disease virus (IBDV), avian reovirus (ARV), chicken anemia virus (CAV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV), gyrovirus 3 (GyV3), and chicken circovirus (CCV). The primers for these pathogens were previously described ( 26 ). The PacBio-RSII sequencing platform (Novogene) was used to search proventricular viruses of TVP in chickens.…”

“…Two primer pairs for inverse PCR, CyCV-F1 (GTCTTTAGAGCGAACGG) and CyCV-R1 (GCTGTGGACGAAGGTAA) and CyCV-F2 (TACCGACTACAGGAGGAT) and CyCV-R2 (GTAATGTGGCTTCAAGAG), were used for the first and second PCR rounds, respectively. Samples were treated and amplified as previously described ( 26 ). Three repeat samples were tested.…”

Molecular characteristics of novel chaphamaparvovirus identified in chickens

“…Since then, ChPVs have also been found in rats ( Yang et al., 2016 ), bats ( Souza et al., 2017 ), pigs ( Palinski et al., 2016 ), turkeys, and chickens ( Reuter et al., 2014 ; Lima et al., 2019 ). Furthermore, ChPVs have also been detected in dogs and cats, possibly in conjunction with gastroenteric symptoms ( Fahsbender et al., 2019 ; Li et al., 2020a ; Di Profio et al., 2022 ). Unlike chicken parvovirus, which has been associated with the runting-stunting syndrome ( RSS ), the infection and pathogenesis of the chicken chaphamaparvovirus ( CkChpV ) remains unknown ( Kisary et al., 1984 ; Nuñez et al., 2016 ).…”

Long read sequencing revealed proventricular virome of broiler chicken with transmission viral proventriculitis

“…Since then, CPNV was reported in the USA, Spain, France, UK, Poland and Brazil [ 8 – 13 ]. Studies on TVP etiopathology also imply the other viruses involvement, including infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV) of the Birnaviridae family, infectious bronchitis viruses (IB) of the Coronaviridae family, reoviruses (REO), picornaviruses, fowl adenoviruses (FAdV), adeno-like viruses, Gyrovirus homsa1 (GyH1, also known as Gyrovirus 3, GyV3), Cyclovirus (CyCV) of the Anelloviridae [ 14 , 15 ] and chicken Circovirus (CCV) of the Circoviridae [ 16 ].…”