Long read sequencing revealed proventricular virome of broiler chicken with transmission viral proventriculitis

Abstract

Background Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) causes significant economic loss to the poultry industry. However, the exact causative agents are obscure. Here we examine the virome of proventriculus from specified pathogen free (SPF) chickens that reproduced by infection of proventricular homogenate from broiler chicken with TVP using long read sequencing of the Pacific Biosciences RSII platform. The normal SPF chickens were used as control. Results Our investigation reveals a virome of proventriculitis, including three Gyrovirus genera of the Aneloviridae: Gyrovirus homsa1 (GyH1) (also known as Gyrovirus 3, GyV3) (n = 2662), chicken anemia virus (CAV) (n = 482) and Gyrovirus galga1 (GyG1) (also known as avian Gyrovirus 2, AGV2) (n = 11); a plethora of novel CRESS viral genomes (n = 26) and a novel genomovirus. The 27 novel viruses were divided into three clusters. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GyH1 strain was more closely related to the strains from chicken (MG366592) than mammalian (human and cat), the GyG1 strain was closely related to the strains from cat in China (MK089245) and from chicken in Brazil (HM590588), and the CAV strain was more closely related to the strains from Germany (AJ297684) and United Kingdom (U66304) than that previously found in China. Conclusion In this study, we revealed that Gyrovirus virome showed high abundance in chickens with TVP, suggesting their potential role in TVP, especially GyH1. This study is expected to contribute to the knowledge of the etiology of TVP.

Dynamic effects of black soldier fly larvae meal on the cecal bacterial microbiota and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistant determinants in broiler chickens

“…Another limitation of this study is that the bacterial microbiota of other regions along the gastrointestinal tract including the main nutrient absorption sites (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) were not examined. Finally, while the poultry gastrointestinal tract is dominated by bacteria, other microorganisms such as fungi [ 87 ], viruses [ 88 ] and archaea [ 89 , 90 ] participate in the poultry gut microbiome. Although little is known about the role of these other microorganisms in the chicken gut, elucidating the impact of dietary BSFLM as well as in-feed BMD on these microbial communities may provide insight into their performance-modulating properties.…”

Development of a DAS–ELISA for Gyrovirus Homsa1 Prevalence Survey in Chickens and Wild Birds in China

“…Gyrovirus is a single–stranded, cyclic, capsid–free virus. Studies have shown that gyrovirus can survive in low pH environments, such as gastric acid, suggesting that the virus may be highly resistant to chemical and thermal inactivation, which allows it to persist and spread in the environment [ 6 ]. Ubiquitous gyroviruses make chickens in confinement vulnerable to the virus [ 17 ].…”

“…The wide distribution across multiple spaces and hosts suggests a possible pathogenic hazard. In addition, the virus is highly resistant to chemical and thermal inactivation, which allows it to persist and spread in the environment [ 3 , 5 , 6 ]. Avian species have been reported to carry many gyroviruses, including the highly prevalent chicken anemia virus (CAV), a recognized pathogen of chickens worldwide [ 7 ].…”

“…Sci. 2023, 10, 312 2 of 11 thermal inactivation, which allows it to persist and spread in the environment [3,5,6]. Avian species have been reported to carry many gyroviruses, including the highly prevalent chicken anemia virus (CAV), a recognized pathogen of chickens worldwide [7].…”