Identification and characterization of alkali-tolerant clostridia isolated from biodeteriorated casein-containing building materials

Bioprospects of Coastal Eubacteria

“…Transient localised alkaline conditions can also be generated due to animal excreta and biological activities such as proteolysis, ammonification, sulphate reduction or photosynthesis Aqua de Ney, Siskiyou country, California Nimura et al (1987) Bioteriorated casein-containing building material Karlsson et al (1988) Black bird valley, Stanislaus country, California Nimura et al (1987) Chicken manure digester Lowe et al (1993) Ground water calcium springs in Oman Grant et al (1990) Compost Hyperthermal springs in Bulgaria Dimitrov et al (1997) Alkaline soil Yellow Stone National Park Wang et al (1995), Li et al (1994) Japanese forest soil Hveragerdi Island Hansen and Ahring (1997) Decomposed manure Hot water spring in Bombay-Thane India Chauthaiwale and Rao (1994) Dung Gordon and Hyde (1982) Alkaline ground water Roadcap et al (2006) Faeces of man and animals Soda lakes -Horn meal Gordan and Hyde (1982) Alkaline Soda Lake, Ethiopia Gessesse (1998) Indigo dye ball Aino et al (2008) Big Soda Lake, Nevada Grant et al (1990) Lime-treated garden soil Guffanti et al (1980) Hungarian Soda Lakes Borsodi et al (2008) Horn meal Gordon and Hyde (1982) Lake Ashanti, Bosumatwi, Ghana, Af...…”

“…These salts are added in concentration of about 0.5-2.0 % depending on the microorganism used, giving a pH of 8.5-11.0 Krulwich and Guffanti 1989;Krulwich and Ito 2013;. Although most of the alkaliphiles are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, there are reports of alkaline tolerant strictly anaerobic strains such as Clostridium and Methanobacterium (Ferguson et al 2006;Karlsson et al 1988). Clostridium proteolyticum was isolated from a chicken manure digester and Clostridium collagenovorans from a sewage sludge digester (Lowe et al 1993).…”

“…Clostridium proteolyticum was isolated from a chicken manure digester and Clostridium collagenovorans from a sewage sludge digester (Lowe et al 1993). C. bifermentans and C. sporogenes have been isolated from biodeteriorated casein containing building materials having maximal pH tolerance of 12.2 and 11.7, respectively, (Karlsson et al 1988). Kevbrin et al (1998) isolated alkaliphilic obligately anaerobic Tindallia magadi from deposits of lake Magadi Kenya.…”