Identification and analysis of long non-coding RNAs that are involved in inflammatory process in response to transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection

Abstract

Background: Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection can cause acute inflammation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a number of biological process including inflammation response. However, whether lncRNAs participate in TGEV-induced inflammation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPECs) is largely unknown. Results: In this study, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to analyze the profiles of lncRNAs in Mock and TGEV-infected porcine intestinal epithelial cell-jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2) cell line. A total of 106 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. Many differentially expressed lncRNAs act as elements to competitively attach microRNAs (miRNAs) which target to messenger RNA (mRNAs) to mediate expression of genes that related to tolllike receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) pathways. Functional analysis of the binding proteins and the up/down-stream genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs revealed that lncRNAs were principally related to inflammatory response. Meanwhile, we found that the differentially expressed lncRNA TCONS_00058367 might lead to a reduction of phosphorylation of transcription factor p65 (p-p65) in TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells by negatively regulating its antisense gene promyelocytic leukemia (PML). Conclusions:The data showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs might be involved in inflammatory response induced by TGEV through acting as miRNA sponges, regulating their up/down-stream genes, or directly binding proteins.

The emerging role and significance of circular RNAs in viral infections and antiviral immune responses: possible implication as theranostic agents

“…TGE is characterized by severe diarrhoea, dehydration and vomiting in pigs of all ages with high mortality associated particularly with suckling piglets [53]. Regulatory role of ncRNAs including lncRNAs and miRNAs have been reported during TGEV infection in various studies but, there is limited data on the comprehensive assessment of circRNAs during TGEV infection [54]. Song et al, revealed that in order to regulate its transcription, TGEV selectively manipulates the expression of host miRNAs [55].…”

Diverse roles of long non‐coding RNAs in viral diseases

“…For example, differentially expressed lncRNAs affect transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)-induced inflammation through modulation of the NF-κB pathway. 88 Virus binding and entry are the first steps of viral infection.…”

“…LncRNAs are also important mediators in animal coronaviruses. For example, differentially expressed lncRNAs affect transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)‐induced inflammation through modulation of the NF‐ κ B pathway 88 …”

Exploring the association of long noncoding RNA expression profiles with intracranial aneurysms, based on sequencing and related bioinformatics analysis

“…Notably, we found that lncRNAs could be involved in immune/inflammatory response, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix by bioinformatics analyses, which we considered crucial to the pathogenesis of IA. The possible explanations for the results might be that: for the inflammatory response, studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are key factors in inflammation-related diseases, including IA [33][34][35][36]. Recent studies have shown that the accumulation of lipids in aneurysms wall is related to the remodeling and destruction of aneurysm wall.…”