Identification and analysis of full-length transcripts involved in the biosynthesis of insecticidal lignan (+)-haedoxan A in Phryma leptostachya

Li, Yankai; Wang, Shaokang; Aioub, Ahmed A. A.; Qie, Xingtao; Wu, Wenjun; Hu, Zhaonong

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111868

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, it is commonly known that DIR genes encourage the production of lignan and that lignification takes place during normal tissue development. It's important to note that in our investigation, the root, which is the primary tissue for lignan production in P. leptostachya , expressed high levels of the ( +)-pinoresinol-forming gene PlDIR1 [ 11 ]. As a result, the PlDIRs transcript abundance in this study in an organ-specific manner suggests that they may play roles in particular organs through the synthesis of lignans and their contribution to the developmental processes of P. leptostachya .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For finding the members of the PlDIRs family, the full-length transcriptome database of P. leptostachya published earlier (Accession: PRJNA551634) [ 11 ] was screened according to the annotation information. Then, candidate PlDIRs were submitted to Pfam ( http://pfam.Xfam.Org/search ) and SMART ( http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/ ) to verify whether they contained the conserved DIR domains (PF03018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UV absorbance was monitored at 280 nm. Metabolite identification and quantification was achieved as reported before [ 11 ]. The tests were run in three biological replicates, and the samples for qRT-PCR and metabolites analysis were the same.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, haedoxans and phrymarolins are likely to serve as the main insecticidal ingredients in new botanical pesticides. However, due to their extremely low contents and the difficulty of chemical synthesis [ 11 – 14 ], a better understanding of the biosynthetic pathways of furofuran lignans in P. leptostachya would be an advantage to provide a potential approach for their application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and functional characterization of the dirigent gene family in Phryma leptostachya and the contribution of PlDIR1 in lignan biosynthesis

Pei

Cao

et al. 2023

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Furofuran lignans, the main insecticidal ingredient in Phryma leptostachya, exhibit excellent controlling efficacy against a variety of pests. During the biosynthesis of furofuran lignans, Dirigent proteins (DIRs) are thought to be dominant in the stereoselective coupling of coniferyl alcohol to form ( ±)-pinoresinol. There are DIR family members in almost every vascular plant, but members of DIRs in P. leptostachya are unknown. To identify the PlDIR genes and elucidate their functions in lignan biosynthesis, this study performed transcriptome-wide analysis and characterized the catalytic activity of the PlDIR1 protein. Results Fifteen full-length unique PlDIR genes were identified in P. leptostachya. A phylogenetic analysis of the PlDIRs classified them into four subfamilies (DIR-a, DIR-b/d, DIR-e, and DIR-g), and 12 conserved motifs were found among them. In tissue-specific expression analysis, except for PlDIR7, which displayed the highest transcript abundance in seeds, the other PlDIRs showed preferential expression in roots, leaves, and stems. Furthermore, the treatments with signaling molecules demonstrated that PlDIRs could be significantly induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ETH), both in the roots and leaves of P. leptostachya. In examining the tertiary structure of the protein and the critical amino acids, it was found that PlDIR1, one of the DIR-a subfamily members, might be involved in the region- and stereo-selectivity of the phenoxy radical. Accordingly, LC–MS/MS analysis demonstrated the catalytic activity of recombinant PlDIR1 protein from Escherichia coli to direct coniferyl alcohol coupling into ( +)-pinoresinol. The active sites and hydrogen bonds of the interaction between PlDIR1 and bis-quinone methide (bisQM), the intermediate in ( +)-pinoresinol formation, were analyzed by molecular docking. As a result, 18 active sites and 4 hydrogen bonds (Asp-42, Ala-113, Leu-138, Arg-143) were discovered in the PlDIR1-bisQM complex. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that the expression profile of PlDIR1 was closely connected with lignan accumulations after SA treatment. Conclusions The results of this study will provide useful clues for uncovering P. leptostachya's lignan biosynthesis pathway as well as facilitate further studies on the DIR family.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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