Ideals and institutions: Systemic reasons for the failure of a social forestry program in south-west Bangladesh

Afroz, Sharmin; Cramb, Rob; Grünbühel, Clemens M.

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.11.001

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Cette organisation des élections et les échanges informels constituaient aussi un moyen de participation du public (Teitelbaum et al, 2006). Des recherches antérieures ont souligné que les ONG affectaient la hiérarchie sociale en choisissant de façon démocratique les gestionnaires des FC (Pokharel et al, 2007 ;Afroz et al, 2016). Une étude de Blomley et al (2008) en Tanzanie signale que la participation des communautés a un impact positif sur l'état de la forêt.…”

Section: Perception De La Gouvernance Forestièreunclassified

“…Les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG), les élites et les opérateurs forestiers privés ont été présentés aux communautés comme des acteurs d'appui à la création et à l'amélioration de la gouvernance des FC (Burnham, 2000 ;Lescuyer et al, 2016). Au Cameroun et dans d'autres pays en développement, ces acteurs ont financé la création de FC, donné des formations et entrepris des dons d'équipements forestiers aux communautés (Djeumo, 2001 ;Afroz et al, 2016). Cependant, certains de ces acteurs ont manipulé les communautés afin d'obtenir des résultats à court terme pour légitimer leurs actions d'accompagnateur ou de porte-parole des besoins des communautés sur le territoire pour se rendre incontournables et capter une partie significative des fonds destinés aux FC, au détriment des communautés (Lescuyer et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Ces projets, favorisant les intérêts externes aux communautés, ont échoué. Cuny (2011) et Afroz et al (2016) expliquent en partie cet échec par une planification descendante (top-down), donnant seulement l'illusion d'une participation des communautés à la gestion des forêts.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Déterminants de la gouvernance forestière dans les forêts communautaires de l’Est-Cameroun

et al. 2020

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Au Cameroun, les communautés locales font face à des défis de gouvernance forestière et de propriété des forêts communautaires. Les déterminants du succès de la gouvernance forestière ont été étudiés dans douze forêts communautaires (FC) de l’Est-Cameroun. Des groupes de discussion et des entrevues individuelles ont permis de réaliser la cartographie des acteurs d’appui, de documenter la perception de la gouvernance des forêts communautaires et d’en identifier les déterminants, pour ensuite proposer une échelle de gouvernance des forêts communautaires. Les résultats montrent que les acteurs d’appui influencent grandement la création des forêts communautaires. L’exception de la FC A3 montre qu’une communauté peut créer une forêt communautaire sous la seule impulsion du chef traditionnel, sans soutien extérieur. La perception de la gouvernance forestière par les communautés était positive lorsque l’appui à la création de la forêt communautaire provenait d’acteurs tournés vers la communauté (organisations non gouvernementales, administration des forêts et Église) et négative lorsque l’appui provenait d’acteurs tournés vers la ressource ligneuse (élites et opérateurs forestiers privés). Le diagramme des déterminants relationnels entre communautés et acteurs d’appui, basé sur la cohésion entre les principes de gouvernance (participation, transparence, légitimité, équité, intégration, imputabilité, capacité et adaptabilité), met en évidence les actions correctives possibles pour mieux tenir compte des besoins des communautés afin d’atteindre la dévolution sur l’échelle de la gouvernance.

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Section: Perception De La Gouvernance Forestièreunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Déterminants de la gouvernance forestière dans les forêts communautaires de l’Est-Cameroun

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, to validate farmers' perceptions of recent climate change, climate data from the Khulna Climate Station were analysed. While acknowledging that farmers' perceptions and choices are shaped by the broader political economy of resource access, social vulnerability and decision‐making at local, regional and national levels (Rubin ; Eriksen et al ; Afroz et al , ), this study focuses mainly on the technical and managerial adaptation strategies pursued by farmers within their existing goals and circumstances. Our contribution to the politics of adaptation is thus the more limited but still crucial one of giving voice to vulnerable farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers' perceptions of and responses to environmental change in southwest coastal Bangladesh

Kabir

Cramb

Alauddin

et al. 2017

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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Coastal Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate change and salinisation; hence, farm-level adaptation is critically important. Farmers' perceptions of and responses to environmental change were investigated in two villages in Khulna District. Perceived environmental trends included increases in temperature, extreme weather events, soil toxicity, erratic rainfall and scarcity of water for irrigation. Perceptions of climate trends were consistent with measured trends in Khulna. On-farm adaptation strategies included adjusting planting dates, excavating trenches in rice-fields, adopting new crops, salinity-reducing technologies, livestock-rearing and home-yard cropping. Non-farm adaptation strategies included wage employment, short-term migration and selfemployment. Adaptation was facilitated by income-earning opportunities, training, and credit, and impeded by lack of access to water, markets, capital, and extension services. Farmers suggested policy support for dissemination of stress-tolerant cultivars, access to irrigation, and price stabilisation or crop insurance to assist adaptation. While the study shows an impressive degree of awareness and adaptation, external support is needed to increase adaptive capacity.

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“…In this application of the PAR model, we present evidence from two of the most recent major cyclones to hit coastal Bangladesh - The village case studies were undertaken as part of a larger study on the role of local collective action and rural institutions in natural resource management in coastal Bangladesh (Afroz et al 2016a(Afroz et al , 2016b(Afroz et al , 2016c. The first author spent 2-3 months annually in the study area on a related project in 2010-12.…”

Section: Framework and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective management of natural resources in a vulnerable environment: case studies from coastal Bangladesh

Afroz¹

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Three-quarters of the poorest households in the world live in rural areas and are dependent on shared access to natural resources for their food security and livelihoods.However, certain features of these natural resources make their management problematic, especially the high degree of interdependence among resource users, creating incentives to overuse resources and underinvest in their sustainability. Hence, much research has focused on the role of collective management of natural resources in supporting sustainable rural livelihoods. This focus has also influenced the design of rural development and conservation programs, assuming that local people who use and rely on natural resources are in the best position to manage them. Yet interventions to promote collective management of natural resources have often failed due to excessively top-down, prescriptive approaches that ignore local institutional contexts. Hence there is a need to understand better the processes of local collective action.These issues are especially relevant in Bangladesh's coastal zone, where pressure on land, water, and other natural resources is intense and increasing. The coastal zone plays an important economic role through crop production and aquaculture, and supports the environmentally-significant Sundarban mangrove forest. Yet it is also highly vulnerable, facing problems of salinization, waterlogging, flooding, riverine erosion, erratic rainfall, sealevel rise, and cyclone-related disasters. Development interventions in this zone have also had mixed consequences. The complex, interrelated nature of land, water, fisheries, forests, and infrastructure, the high degree of interdependence between resource users, and the shared exposure to natural hazards and climate trends mean that local processes of collective action play a crucial role in sustaining lives and livelihoods.The aim of this research was to explore the nature and role of local collective action in managing natural resources and enhancing the livelihood security of rural households and communities in coastal Bangladesh. A version of the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework was used. This provides a general set of interrelated variables to systematically examine a diversity of cases, while allowing for different theoretical explanations in each case. The elements of the Framework are: (1) contextual factors (attributes of resources, attributes of resource users, and governance arrangements); (2) the action arena or "action situation", in which various actors, using their assets and governed by "rules in use", engage in patterns of interaction to pursue their goals; (3) the outcomes of this interaction for (a) resource status and trends, (b) ii livelihood assets and adaptive capacity, and (c) institutional arrangements and governance. The Framework can be applied to different scales and time-frames, encompassing both one-off local episodes of collective action and repeated, long-term interactions leading to institutional change.A qualitative, c...

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Ideals and institutions: Systemic reasons for the failure of a social forestry program in south-west Bangladesh

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Déterminants de la gouvernance forestière dans les forêts communautaires de l’Est-Cameroun

Déterminants de la gouvernance forestière dans les forêts communautaires de l’Est-Cameroun

Farmers' perceptions of and responses to environmental change in southwest coastal Bangladesh

Collective management of natural resources in a vulnerable environment: case studies from coastal Bangladesh

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