Ideal technique and sites for intramuscular injection in infants and children

Sarkar, Pritha; Pan, Guang-Dong; Biswas, Sagnik; Mukherjee, P

doi:10.1007/bf00181856

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It is important to select the largest muscle for IM injections in order to avoid any disparity between muscle mass and the volume of injected fluid. 24 Hence, large volumes of medication and repeated injections may be performed at the thigh.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomically safe sites for intramuscular injections: a cross-sectional study on young adults and cadavers with a focus on the thigh

Nakajima

Fujii

Mukai

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The anatomical safety of intramuscular injections at the deltoid and ventrogluteal sites has been investigated; however, the anatomical relationship between intramuscular injection sites in the thigh and major blood vessels and nerves remains unclear. We aimed to compare intramuscular injection sites in the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis with those at the deltoid and ventrogluteal sites and identify safe intramuscular injection sites in the thigh. Twenty-seven young adult volunteers were recruited, and the thicknesses of subcutaneous tissue and muscle as well as the number of blood vessels present were evaluated at two sites on the deltoid, ventrogluteal, and thigh using ultrasound equipment. The right thighs of 24 cadavers were used, and the thickness of muscle, number of blood vessels or nerves present, and the distance between each examined site and major blood vessels or nerves were evaluated in the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis. A major blood vessel was observed in the middle of the rectus femoris in young adults. In cadavers, the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and muscle branch of the femoral nerves to the vastus lateralis were observed at the middle point, distal two-thirds point, and middle point between the middle and distal two-thirds points of the rectus femoris, but not at the middle of the vastus lateralis. The middle of the vastus lateralis is an appropriate site for intramuscular injections because of the low risk of vascular or nerve damage. The present results support good practices for site selection for intramuscular injections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomically safe sites for intramuscular injections: a cross-sectional study on young adults and cadavers with a focus on the thigh

Nakajima

Fujii

Mukai

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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show abstract

“…It is important to select the largest muscle at any age for IM injection in order to avoid the disparity between the muscle mass and the volume of injected fluid (Sarkar, Pan, Biswas, & Mukherjee, 1989). Muscle mass changes from infancy throughout childhood as the thin muscle mass of early life adapts to meet the biophysical needs and activities of later childhood.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vastus lateralis (VL) muscle in the thigh area is recommended as the site of choice for IM injection in children. Sarkar et al (1989) conducted a series of technical research that revealed that the muscle size of the VL is the most suitable for use in 0- to 6-month–old infants and for repeated IM injections in children.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is probably insufficient evidence of its benefit in resource-constrained settings. A simple method to check the correct location of the needle during IM injection is to try to move the needle sideways, as side-to-side mobility is absent when it is well within the muscle; this is the only technique that carries no risk of development of fat necrosis and subcutaneous abscesses (Sarkar et al, 1989). The muscles need to be pinched up before IM injections for malnourished children (Rodger & King 2000; Workman, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Paediatric Intramuscular Injections for Developing World Settings

Clancy

Furyk

2012

J Transcult Nurs

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This article examines the available evidence about intramuscular injection techniques to generate simple evidence-based or best practice guidelines for implementation in the developing world. Giving intramuscular injections is considered a core nursing skill, and millions are performed around the world every day. Intramuscular injections are more commonly used in resource-poor environments, but there is limited education of nurses on its proper administration. The findings in the literature conclude that the vastus lateralis muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injections, particularly in resource-poor settings.

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Ideal technique and sites for intramuscular injection in infants and children

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Anatomically safe sites for intramuscular injections: a cross-sectional study on young adults and cadavers with a focus on the thigh

Anatomically safe sites for intramuscular injections: a cross-sectional study on young adults and cadavers with a focus on the thigh

Paediatric Intramuscular Injections for Developing World Settings

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