IDDF2018-ABS-0207 Winning the war against colon cancer: chemo-preventive potential of novel streptomyces species derived from mangrove forest in malaysia

Self Cite

There are trillions of microbes residing in our body, with their collective genomes much more than human genomes. They have been living in a close relationship with us and play a role in various biological functions. The human microbes begin to build up in utero, accumulate, and fluctuate until a set point is achieved around three years of age. The gut microbiome is altered by several factors, which include age, diet, and antibiotic use. After the exposure, the microbe may shift back to retain its balance, but some factors may leave a permanent footprint on the gut flora. This may be significant as our review has shown the relationships between microbes and diseases. When the homeostasis of gut-microbes is disrupted, multiple mechanisms have been shown to contribute to diseases' development. The balance between protective and pathogenic microbes must be kept in check to prevent disease onset. With a better understanding of this relationship, we will investigate the potential methods to modify the gut flora as the background of developing therapeutic options. There are already some therapeutic options such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplantation, but their clinical use is limited and restricted. Therefore, there is still a need to investigate the characteristic microbiome association with gut-dysbiosis-related diseases, which may help manage the disease and develop diagnostic and monitoring tools. This review aims to discuss our gut microbiome and its association with human health and diseases.

Section: Gastrointestinal Malignancies A) Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry of gut microbiome in health and diseases

Lau¹,

Tan²,

Mutalib³

et al. 2021

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“…The phylum Actinobacteria signify a significant constituent of the microbial population in most soils [134][135][136][137][138] ; such as the Antarctic region [117][118][119]139] . Also, Actinobacteria present in rhizosphere soil were reported for discovery of antimicrobial agents and other useful metabolites [140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151] . The genus Streptomyces exhibited potential as bio-control agent of commercial crops against fungal pathogens [17,152] .…”

Section: Bacteria As Source Of New Natural Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprospecting of Microbes for Valuable Compounds to Mankind

Mutalib¹,

Wong²,

Ser³

et al. 2020

Self Cite

The most biological multiplicity on this planet is almost certainly concealed in soils. Many valuable bacteria had been extensively dispersed in soils worldwide, with soils from terrestrial, desserts and Antarctic. Hence, soils become an intensively utilized ecological niche for the inhabitants to generate various useful biologically active natural products such asantibiotics, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, neuroprotection, anticancer and other important compounds. Bacteria including Actinobacteria have been exceptionally valuable for the pharmaceutical industry due to their limitless capability to generate secondary metabolites with various biological activities and chemical structure. Therefore, this article aims to provide critical insight of bioprospecting of microbes for valuable compounds to mankind.

“…The pre-miRNAs are next exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm by Exportin-5 and cut by Dicer into a 22-nucleotide mature double stranded miRNA [41] . This strand is then fused into the Argonaute protein to create the effector RNA-induced or compounds that could potentially inhibit the growth of cancer cells [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] especially colorectal cancer [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Researches have gained some good findings, but more tests need to be done before these potential compounds could be ready for clinical application.…”

Section: Mirna Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight of microRNA role in Colorectal Cancer

Lye¹,

Tan²,

Yap³

2020

The colorectal cancer is among the most predominant cancer in the world including Malaysia. Numerous factors could contribute towards colorectal carcinogenesis and one of the factors is genetic predisposition. Mutations in the V-KiRas2 (Kras) oncogene have been implicated in 30-50% of the colorectal cancer patients and usually lead to poorer prognosis. The challenging ability for the early detection of colorectal cancer still poses an enormous challenge to oncologist as there are limited or no signs or symptoms in the early stage of colorectal cancer. Many studies were conducted hoping to further understand colorectal cancer for a better diagnosis and prognosis. As early detection of colorectal cancer frequently leads to good prognosis. The gold standard for prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor at the time of diagnosis. Lately a group of small, non-coding RNAs termed microRNAs (miRNAs) exhibited capable outcomes in cancer research. Numerous miRNAs were discovered to play a key role in regulatory mechanism in numerous cancers. Differential miRNAs expression among tumors and non-tumor controls are highly valuable in recognizing miRNAs that could have vital role in carcinogenesis. Recently some miRNAs were discovered to play a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Thus, miRNAs have emerged as highly useful tool for scientists to comprehend carcinogenesis better. For example, miR-21 and miR-106a were highly expressed in colorectal cancer. While miRNAs including miR-17-92 cluster, miR-21, miR-34, miR-135 and miR-196a also exhibited high association with colorectal cancer. Therefore, this article aims to provide insight of miRNAs role in colorectal cancer for a better understanding of this disease.