ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hypoviridae

Suzuki, Nobuhiro; Ghabrial, Said A.; Kim, Kook‐Hyung; Pearson, M. N.; Marzano, Shin-Yi Lee; Yaegashi, Hajime; Xiè, Jiǎtāo; Guo, Lan-Ping; Kondō, Hideki; Koloniuk, Igor; Hillman, Bradley I.

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001055

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The hypoviruses are known to be associated with hypovirulence and other symptoms, including slow growth, reduced conidiation, or toxin inhibition, in C. parasitica, S. sclerotiorum, and F. graminearum (Li et al, 2015;Marzano et al, 2016;Rigling and Prospero, 2018). The hypoviruses were clustered into two clades based on the RdRp and Hel domains of the polyprotein regions in the recent ICTV report (Suzuki et al, 2018). In this study, FsHV1 clustered with CHV1 and CHV2 in the "alphahypovirus" group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Virome Identification and Characterization of Fusarium sacchari and F. andiyazi: Causative Agents of Pokkah Boeng Disease in Sugarcane

et al. 2020

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Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org February 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 240 Yao et al. Virome Identification and Characterization of Fusarium spp.was observed and the characterization of the four-segment dsRNA chrysovirus was performed with aid of electron microscopy and analysis of the encapsidated RNAs. These findings provide insight into the diversity and spectrum of mycoviruses in PBD pathogens and should be useful for exploring agents to control the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Virome Identification and Characterization of Fusarium sacchari and F. andiyazi: Causative Agents of Pokkah Boeng Disease in Sugarcane

et al. 2020

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“…It is not uncommon for viruses infecting the lower eukaryotes such as oomycetes and fungi to lack protein capsids since most do not infect through an extracellular route. Whether the PiRV-2 dsRNA constitutes the “virus genome” or the replicative form of a single-stranded RNA virus is a matter of definition: viruses in the fungus-infecting family Hypoviridae have no capsid protein, but their replicative form dsRNA is encapsulated with an RdRp complex in lipid vesicles [29]. Genomes of these viruses are organizationally and phylogenetically most similar to positive-sense RNA viruses; therefore some virologists consider them to be ssRNA viruses while others consider them to be dsRNA viruses because of its encapsulation in vesicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did a novel virus contribute to late blight epidemics?

Cai

Myers

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Phytophthora infestans is the causal agent of potato and tomato late blight. In this study, we characterized a novel RNA virus, Phytophthora infestans RNA virus 2 (PiRV-2). The PiRV-2 genome is 11,170 nt and lacks a polyA tail. It contains a single large open reading frame (ORF) with short 5’- and 3’-untranslated regions. The ORF is predicted to encode a polyprotein of 3710 aa (calculated molecular weight 410.94 kDa). This virus lacks significant similarity to any other known viruses, even in the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region. Comparing isogenic strains with or without the virus demonstrated that the virus stimulated sporangia production in P. infestans and appeared to enhance its virulence. Transcriptome analysis revealed that it achieved sporulation stimulation likely through down-regulation of ammonium and amino acid intake in P. infestans. This virus was faithfully transmitted through asexual reproduction. Survey of PiRV-2 presence in a P. infestans collection found it in most strains in the US-8 lineage, a very successful clonal lineage of P. infestans in North America. We suggest that PiRV-2 may have contributed to its success, raising the intriguing possibility that a potentially hypervirulent virus may contribute to late blight epidemics.Author SummaryPotato late blight, the notorious plant disease behind the Irish Potato Famine, continues to pose a serious threat to potato and tomato production worldwide. While most studies on late blight epidemics focuses on pathogen virulence, host resistance, environmental factors and fungicide resistance, we present evidence in this study that a virus infecting the causal agent, Phytophthora infestans, may have played a role. We characterized a novel RNA virus, Phytophthora infestans RNA virus 2 (PiRV-2) and examined its effects on its host. By comparing identical P. infestans strains except with or without the virus, we found that PiRV-2 stimulated sporulation of P. infestans (a critical factor in late blight epidemics) and increased its virulence. We also profiled gene expression in these strains and identified potential molecular mechanisms through which PiRV-2 asserted its sporulation stimulation effect. In a survey of PiRV-2 presence in a P. infestans collection, we found PiRV-2 in most isolates of the US-8 clonal lineage, a very successfull ineage that dominated potato fields in North America for several decades. We suggest that PiRV-2 may have contributed to its success. Our findings raise the intriguing possibility that a potentially hypervirulent virus may contribute to late blight epidemics.

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“…The family Hypoviridae accommodates a single genus, Hypovirus, and four recognized species, Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 to 4, with capsidless monosegmented (+)ssRNA genomes ranging from 12.7 to 9.2 Kbp in length [94][95][96][97][98]. Each genome has either one or two ORFs, encoding at least putative RdRp and Hel domains [98] and occasionally additional domains including glucosyltransferase (UGT), papain like protease (PRO) and permuted papain-fold peptidase of dsRNA viruses and eukaryotes (PPPDE) [99,100].…”

Section: (+)Ssrna Viruses: Hypoviridae and Fusariviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses Infecting the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Rhizoctonia solani

Abdoulaye

Foda

Kotta‐Loizou

2019

Viruses

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The cosmopolitan fungus Rhizoctonia solani has a wide host range and is the causal agent of numerous crop diseases, leading to significant economic losses. To date, no cultivars showing complete resistance to R. solani have been identified and it is imperative to develop a strategy to control the spread of the disease. Fungal viruses, or mycoviruses, are widespread in all major groups of fungi and next-generation sequencing (NGS) is currently the most efficient approach for their identification. An increasing number of novel mycoviruses are being reported, including double-stranded (ds) RNA, circular single-stranded (ss) DNA, negative sense (−)ssRNA, and positive sense (+)ssRNA viruses. The majority of mycovirus infections are cryptic with no obvious symptoms on the hosts; however, some mycoviruses may alter fungal host pathogenicity resulting in hypervirulence or hypovirulence and are therefore potential biological control agents that could be used to combat fungal diseases. R. solani harbors a range of dsRNA and ssRNA viruses, either belonging to established families, such as Endornaviridae, Tymoviridae, Partitiviridae, and Narnaviridae, or unclassified, and some of them have been associated with hypervirulence or hypovirulence. Here we discuss in depth the molecular features of known viruses infecting R. solani and their potential as biological control agents.

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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hypoviridae

Cited by 55 publications

References 9 publications

Virome Identification and Characterization of Fusarium sacchari and F. andiyazi: Causative Agents of Pokkah Boeng Disease in Sugarcane

Virome Identification and Characterization of Fusarium sacchari and F. andiyazi: Causative Agents of Pokkah Boeng Disease in Sugarcane

Did a novel virus contribute to late blight epidemics?

Viruses Infecting the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Rhizoctonia solani

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