ICT-Based Smart Farm Factory Systems through the Case of Hydroponic Ginseng Plant Factory

Lee

et al. 2022

Plants

In this study, the primary (such as amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals) and secondary (including ginsenosides, phenolic acids, and flavonols) metabolites and antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng sprouts (PGSs) by different cultivation systems, such as soil–substrate cultivation (SSC) and deep-water cultivation (DWC), in a plant factory has been observed. There was no significant difference in the total fatty acid (FA) contents. Particularly, the major FAs of PGSs were palmitic acid (207.4 mg/100 g) of saturated FAs and linoleic acid (397.6 mg/100 g) and α-linolenic acid (222.6 mg/100 g) of unsaturated FAs in the SSC system. The values of total amino acids were all higher in SSC than in DWC. In the case of ginsenosides, the total protopanaxtriol product was 30.88 mg/g in SSC, while the total protopanaxdiol product was 34.83 mg/g in DWC. In particular, the values of total phenolic acids and total flavonols were 133.36 and 388.19 ug/g, respectively, and SSC had a higher content than DWC. In conclusion, the SSC system was shown to be higher in nutritional constituents and antioxidant activities in soil cultivation, suggesting that PGS with SSC has a positive effect on the quality of PGS in a plant factory.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Comparison of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Panax ginseng Sprouts by Different Cultivation Systems in a Plant Factory

Lee

et al. 2022

Plants

“…Ginseng leaves had a 6-8 times higher total ginsenoside content than the roots [18]. Kim et al [29] and Hwang et al [53] reported on the growth in a vertical farm; total ginsenoside contents of the shoots (61.31-110 and 101.73 mg g −1 ) were higher than that of the roots (25.81-34.19 and 37.39 mg g −1 ). Our results showed that the total ginsenoside contents in 'Yunpoong' and 'K-1' were higher in the shoots (40.80-47.75 mg g −1 and 52.19-69.44 mg g −1 , respectively) than in the roots (18.51-25.52 mg g −1 and 15.29-16.89 mg g −1 , respectively).…”

Section: Ginsenosidementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Growth Patterns and Metabolite Composition of Different Ginseng Cultivars (Yunpoong and K-1) Grown in a Vertical Farm

et al. 2023

This study analyzed growth patterns, biological compounds, antioxidant properties, ginsenoside contents, metabolites, and the annual net production of ‘Yunpoong’ and ‘K-1’ to find the optimal harvesting time of ginseng sprouts. One-year-old ginseng seedlings were cultivated in a container-type vertical farm under a temperature of 20 °C, a humidity of 60%, and average light intensity of 46.4 µmol m−2 s−1 (16 h photoperiod). Growth patterns at 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after transplanting (WAT) differed between cultivars. Regarding biological compounds and antioxidant properties, ‘Yunpoong’ took 5 WAT (43.59%; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazine-hydrate radical scavenging activity, 1.47 OD593nm; ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, 78.01%; 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity), and ‘K-1’ took 4 WAT (0.98 Re mg g−1; total flavonoid contents, 35.93%; DPPH) to show a high content. Two cultivars showed the highest total ginsenoside contents at 5 WAT. Most of the analyzed metabolites had a higher content in ‘Yunpoong’ than in ‘K-1’. In both cultivars, it was confirmed that the longer the growth period (3 − > 5 WAT), the lower the yield and the annual ginsenoside net production. Therefore, ‘Yunpoong’ and ‘K-1’ cultivars should be grown as ginseng sprouts in the vertical farms for approximately 3 WAT and 4 WAT, respectively.

Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng.

“…Um [3] considered in the plant factory system that had only weak light density. Hwang et al [4] presented a smart farm factory based on ICT using the hydroponics ginseng. Ko et al [5] designed Internet of Things (IOT) based hydroponic plant factory in order to avoid the effects of fine dust penetrating into the soil, and proposed the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) control methods.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the design and operation method of plant factory using artificial intelligence

Hyunjin

Sainan

2021

As various environments such as fine dust changing recently, there are many changes in agriculture. In particular, plants that grow in an environment where fine dust contains heavy metals are very dangerous for food. Because eating plants contaminated with heavy metals can be very harmful to human health. In light of this, plant factory is recognized as an important technology to solve this problem. So, this study is about how to design and operate plant factory using artificial intelligence. The results of the study were as follows. Plant factory can produce plants without time and space constraints by artificially controlling the environment. In plant factory, automation using the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence is recognized as a key technology during the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Using these technologies, plants can be automatically controlled and produced on a planned basis. Artificial intelligence collects the results of plant factory and goes through a deep learning process. Through this deep learning process, artificial intelligence analyzes the optimal cultivation conditions of crops. Plant factory targets to automatically provide an optimal environment for each crop. And, plant factory can farm by utilizing city buildings or idle spaces. So, this is the core agricultural technology of the future society. It also suggests how to use artificial intelligence in plant factory. This research result can be used as theoretical basic data in the design and construction of plant factory in urban idle space.