Iconic Memory and Reading Performance in Nine‐year‐old Children

Abstract

Summary. 36 9‐year‐old children were given a test of image persistence in visual sensory (iconic) memory, and the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability. In the iconic memory test the subjects viewed a white disc in a tachistoscope and were required to state whether or not the disc disappeared for a short interval which ranged from 10 ms to 800 ms. The shortest disappearance perceived was taken as a measure of icon persistence. The reading test gave scores for fluency, accuracy and comprehension. All three measures of reading performance were found to be significantly related to icon persistence. Short and long image persistence resulted in a reading age on the accuracy score that was on average 1.75 years below that for moderate persistence.

Does Dyslexia Develop from Learning the Alphabet in the Wrong Hemisphere? A Cognitive Neuroscience Analysis

“…Indeed, although temporal processing deficits are common in dyslexia (see Farmer & Klein, 1995, for a review), many dyslexics are not impaired in this respect either auditorily (Reed, 1989;Tallal, 1980;Tallal & Stark, 1982) or visually (Høien, 1982;Riding & Pugh, 1977-in the latter studies demonstrating even less visual persistence than good readers. Furthermore, the deficit in the temporally sensitive transient/magnocellular pathway that has been identified in many studies of dyslexia (see Lovegrove, 1996, for an overview) is not found in dyslexics manifesting dyseidetic (LL) characteristics (Borsting et al, 1996;Ridder, Borsting, Cooper, McNeel, & Huang, 1997;Slaghius & Ryan, 1999;Spinelli et al, 1997).…”

Dark‐interval‐threshold and Reading and Listening Comprehension in Nine‐year‐old Children

“…The pattern for the easy and difficult passages is similar for listening, but different for reading. The pattern for reading is similar in the difficult passage to the inverted V relationship previously found by Riding & Pugh (1977). In earlier investigations subjects were taken to the limit of their abilities in that they were required to read progressively more difficult passages until they were constantly failing.…”

“…Riding & Pugh, 1977). The subjects viewed a 1 cm diameter white disk on a black background in an Electronics Developments twofield tachistoscope.…”

“…A relationship between dark-interval-threshold (DIT), the shortest dark interval between the successive presentations of a bright stimulus that can be detected by a subject, and reading performance in nine-year-old children was reported by Riding & Pugh (1977) and had emerged during studies on the role of iconic memory in visual information processing. The relationship was such that children whose DIT was in the middle of the range were significantly better at reading, both in terms of comprehension and accuracy, than those whose DIT was at either end of the range.…”

An Experimental Study of Scotopic Sensitivity Irlen Syndrome in Learning Disabled Students

“…The first is the need for scientific evidence that would validate the concept of Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome. The following sources were reviewed and synthesized in an effort to address this issue: Bassi and Lehmkuhle (1990); Blakeslee (1991); Breitmeyer and Ganz (1976); Fricker (1989); Garzia and Nicholson (1990); Livingstone, Rosen, Drislane, and Galaburda (1991); Lovegrove, Martin, and Slaghuis (1984);Reeves (1988); Riding and Pugh (1977); Sackitt (1976); Suchoff (1981); Williams and LeCluyse (1990). Insights of other writers were interjected where relevant to this subtopic.…”