Ice sheet advance, dynamics, and decay configurations: evidence from west central Scotland

Finlayson, Andrew; Merritt, J.W.; Browne, M. A. E.; Merritt, Jo E.; McMillan, Andrew; Whitbread, Katie

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.12.016

Cited by 46 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Indeed, peak IRD flux coincident with this event is a feature of all records of the BIIS on its western margin (Scourse et al, 2009) and there is a convergence of evidence suggesting that the BIIS underwent a period of large-scale re-organization and overall reduction in ice volume of about 80 % at about this time (Bowen et al, 2002;Chiverrell and Thomas, 2010;Finlayson et al, 2010;Clark et al, 2012;Hughes et al, 2014. Rising sea level alone may not have been the trigger as ice retreated from the shelf edge during warmer periods coinciding with influxes of Atlantic Water towards the Norwegian Sea (Brendryen et al, 2015) ), such as during GI 2 at c. 23 ka.…”

Section: Evidence For Stages During the Local Lgmmentioning

confidence: 90%

Middle to Late Devensian glaciation of north‐east Scotland: implications for the north‐eastern quadrant of the last British–Irish ice sheet

Merritt

Connell

Hall

2016

J Quaternary Science

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We present a review of over 175 years of research into the Middle to Late Devensian (Weichselian) glaciation of north-east Scotland based crucially on both its lithostratigraphic and geomorphic records. The location of the region, and surrounding seabed, makes this unusually detailed record significant for deciphering the former interactions and dynamics of Scottish and Scandinavian ice within the North Sea Basin (NSB), which continue to be controversial. A twelve-stage event stratigraphy is proposed based on a parsimonious interpretation of stratigraphic relationships, till lithology and regional clast fabrics, striae, subglacial bedforms, ice-marginal features and published geochronometry at critical sites. The record of regional glaciation supports converging evidence that the north-eastern quadrant of the last British and Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) reached its maximum spatial extent in the late Middle-to early Late Devensian and later re-expanded following widespread internal glacial reorganisations, marine transgression and partial retreat from the central NSB. Retreat was interrupted by several glacial readvances of limited extent. Fieldcaptured data helps identify important events that are not clearly resolved from remote sensing alone, particularly regarding growth phases of the last glaciation.

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Section: Evidence For Stages During the Local Lgmmentioning

confidence: 90%

Middle to Late Devensian glaciation of north‐east Scotland: implications for the north‐eastern quadrant of the last British–Irish ice sheet

Merritt

Connell

Hall

2016

J Quaternary Science

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“…Thomas and Chiverrell, 2007; Evans and Thomson, 2010;Finlayson et al, 2010), and smaller terminal moraines relating to Younger Dryas ice (Phillips et al, 2002;Wilson, 2002;Benn and Lukas, 2006;Lukas and Benn, 2006). In this paper we focus on the genesis and significance of a much older terminal moraine complex in northeast Norfolk (eastern England), the 'Cromer Ridge'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A polyphase glacitectonic model for ice-marginal retreat and terminal moraine development: the Middle Pleistocene British Ice Sheet, northern Norfolk, UK

Lee

Phillips

Booth

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

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Recent investigations from modern environments demonstrate that many terminal moraines do not simply record a single glacial maximum, but instead reveal a complex pattern of ice-marginal behaviour including polyphase retreat. Within this study, we examine the geomorphology, geology and internal structure of a terminal moraine complex -the 'Cromer Ridge' in north Norfolk to reconstruct patterns of ice-marginal behaviour. Previously, this landform was interpreted as the limit of a southern extension of the British Ice Sheet during a Middle Pleistocene glaciation. Evidence presented here reveals a more complicated pattern of ice-marginal behaviour with the 'Cromer Ridge' reinterpreted as a 'complex' comprising several ridge elements. We propose that the maximum ice extent lay further to the south, with the size and morphology of the largest ridge element (the 'Cromer Ridge' as previously defined) a facet of thrust-stacking at an ice-marginal stillstand. We recognise multiple oscillations of the ice-front recorded against a twelve-stage model for the decay of the southern margins of a fast-flowing lobe of North Sea ice. Changes in ice-marginal dynamics are identified by the superimposition and lateral and vertical evolution of glacitectonic styles. Differences between these various states, and switches between 'shallow' and 'deep' thinskinned glacitectonics, are strongly influenced by sub-marginal and proglacial water availability. Examination of the evidence for the morphostratigraphic proposals for the glacitectonic assemblage, within the context of the above interpretation, suggests that many of the 'glacigenic landforms' are erosional and a MIS 12 age of formation is favored although several anomalies remain to be explained. IntroductionTerminal moraines are an important landform within the glacial landsystem and are widely recognised within both contemporary (Boulton et al., 1996(Boulton et al., , 1999Bennett, 2001; Evans and Twigg, 2002; Evans, 2005;Benediktsson et al., 2010) and relict glacial environments (van der Meer, 1987; Lee, J.R., Phillips, E., Booth, S.J., Rose, J., Jordan, H.M., Pawley, S.M., Warren, M., Lawley, R.S. 2013. A polyphase glacitectonic model for ice-marginal retreat and terminal moraine development: the Middle Pleistocene British Ice Sheet, northern Norfolk, UK. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 124, 753-777. PRE-PROOF ACCEPTEF MANUSCRIPT.2 Hart, 1990;Van der Wateren, 1995;Harris et al., 1997;Phillips et al., 2002;Wilson, 2002;Thomas and Chiverrell, 2007;Johnson et al., 2013). Previously, they have been considered as providing a visible record of a maximum extent of glacier advance, although many now consider them to provide a more dynamic record of glacier retreat (e.g. Thomas, 1984;Thomas et al., 2004;Thomas and Chiverrell, 2007;Lüthgens and Böse, 2011; Clark et al., 2012).The formation of terminal moraines typically involves the complex interplay between ice-marginal to sub-marginal sedimentation and glacitectonics; the latter including proglacial and sub-margina...

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“…They are very likely formed subglacially, parallel to ice flow (Johnson et al, 2010;King, Hindmarsh, & Stokes, 2009;Smith et al, 2007), and, as they can persist in the landscape, they encode information on the location and direction of flow of former ice cover (e.g. Finlayson et al, 2010;Hollingsworth, 1931;Kleman & Borgström, 1996) and perhaps even the nature and velocity of ice flow (e.g. Colgan & Mickelson, 1997;Smalley, Lu, & Jefferson, 2000;Stokes & Clark, 2002).…”

Section: Choice Of Landformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finlayson et al, 2010;Hughes et al, 2010;Rose & Smith, 2008;Rose & Letzer, 1975, 1977Smith et al, 2006). This area of Scotland sits between the Grampian Highlands to the north and the Southern Uplands to the south and was glaciated during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Younger Dryas (YD).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Manual mapping of drumlins in synthetic landscapes to assess operator effectiveness

et al. 2014

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Mapped topographic features are important for understanding processes that sculpt the Earth's surface. This paper presents maps that are the primary product of an exercise that brought together 27 researchers with an interest in landform mapping wherein the efficacy and causes of variation in mapping were tested using novel synthetic DEMs containing drumlins. The variation between interpreters (e.g. mapping philosophy, experience) and across the study region (e.g. woodland prevalence) opens these factors up to assessment. A priori known answers in the synthetics increase the number and strength of conclusions that may be drawn with respect to a traditional comparative study. Initial results suggest that overall detection rates are relatively low (34-40%), but reliability of mapping is higher (72-86%). The maps form a reference dataset.

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Ice sheet advance, dynamics, and decay configurations: evidence from west central Scotland

Cited by 46 publications

References 76 publications

Middle to Late Devensian glaciation of north‐east Scotland: implications for the north‐eastern quadrant of the last British–Irish ice sheet

Middle to Late Devensian glaciation of north‐east Scotland: implications for the north‐eastern quadrant of the last British–Irish ice sheet

A polyphase glacitectonic model for ice-marginal retreat and terminal moraine development: the Middle Pleistocene British Ice Sheet, northern Norfolk, UK

Manual mapping of drumlins in synthetic landscapes to assess operator effectiveness

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