Ice Particle Interarrival Times Measured with a Fast FSSP

Field, Paul R.; Wood, Richard D.; Brown, Philip R. A.; Kaye, Paul H.; Hirst, Edwin; Greenaway, Richard; Smith, James A.

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<0249:ipitmw>2.0.co;2

Cited by 187 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…An additional possible sampling issue is that large ice crystals may break upon striking inlet surfaces or due to wind shear, producing multiple crystals for each original crystal (Field et al, 2003;Korolev and Isaac, 2005). Assuming that an ice crystal has only one nucleus, this should not in general produce additional residual nuclei.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characteristics of ice residual nuclei in anvil cirrus clouds: evidence for homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation

2005

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Abstract.A counterflow virtual impactor was used to collect residual particles larger than about 0.1 µm diameter from anvil cirrus clouds generated over Florida in the southern United States. A wide variety of particle types were found. About one-third of the nuclei were salts, with varying amounts of crustal material, industrial metals, carbonaceous particles, and sulfates. Ambient aerosol particles near the anvils were found to have similar compositions, indicating that anvils act to redistribute particles over large regions of the atmosphere. Sampling occurred at a range of altitudes spanning temperatures from −21 to −56 • C. More insoluble (crustal and metallic) particles typical of heterogeneous ice nuclei were found in ice crystals at warmer temperatures, while more soluble salts and sulfates were present at cold temperatures. At temperatures below about −35 to −40 • C, soluble nuclei outnumbered insoluble nuclei, evidently reflecting the transition from primarily heterogeneous to primarily homogeneous freezing as a source of anvil ice.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characteristics of ice residual nuclei in anvil cirrus clouds: evidence for homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation

2005

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“…Its instrumentation involved the 2D-S probe for particle size measurement. A Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) was also available during the campaign but its measurements are not included here due to likely contamination by shattering (Field et al, 2003;McFarquhar et al, 2007;Jackson et al, 2015). An advantage of SPARTICUS for this study is that it contains numerous coincident flights with the A-Train, as detailed in Deng et al (2012).…”

Section: In Situ Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice crystal number concentration estimates from lidar-radar satellite remote sensing. Part 1: Method and evaluation

Sourdeval¹,

Gryspeerdt²,

Krämer³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The number concentration of cloud particles is a key quantity for understanding aerosol-cloud interactions and describing clouds in climate and numerical weather prediction models. In contrast with recent advances for liquid clouds, few observational constraints exist on the ice crystal number concentration (N i ). This study investigates how combined lidar-radar measurements can be used to provide satellite estimates of N i , using a methodology that constrains moments of a parameterized particle size distribution (PSD). The operational liDAR-raDAR (DARDAR) product serves as an existing base for this method, 5 which focuses on ice clouds with temperatures T c < -30°C.Theoretical considerations demonstrate the capability for accurate retrievals of N i , apart from a possible bias in the concentration in small crystals when T c -50°C, due to the assumption of a monomodal PSD shape in the current method. This is verified by comparing satellite estimates to co-incident in situ measurements, which additionally demonstrates the sufficient sensitivity of lidar-radar observations to N i . Following these results, satellite estimates of N i are evaluated in the context of a 10 case study and a preliminary climatological analysis based on 10 years of global data. Despite of a lack of other large-scale references, this evaluation shows a reasonable physical consistency in N i spatial distribution patterns. Notably, increases in N i are found towards cold temperatures and, more significantly, in the presence of strong updraughts, such as those related to convective or orographic uplifts. Further evaluation and improvements of this method are necessary but these results already constitute a first encouraging step towards large-scale observational constraints for N i . Part two of this series uses this new 15 dataset to examine the controls on N i .

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“…This proves the consistency of data from the FSSP-300 (assuming the geometric optics limit) and Polar Nephelometer instruments, because most of the extinction is caused by scattering at forward angles. According to Field et al (2003b) and Heymsfield (2007), the FSSP-300 and Polar Nephelometer measurements are not likely to be strongly affected by ice crystal-shattering effects since the recorded ice particles are quite small (the effective diameter is of 21 µm and the largest particles are less than 250 µm in size).…”

Section: Cirrus Properties With Non-occurrence Of 22 • Halo (Case A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of pristine ice crystals in mid-latitude cirrus clouds: a case study during CIRCLE-2 experiment

et al. 2011

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Abstract. In this paper, we describe in situ observations of mid-latitude cirrus cloud band carried out on 16 May 2007 during the CIRCLE-2 experiment. The Polar Nephelometer and the Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) instruments with PMS FSSP-300 and 2D-C probes were used for the description of the optical and microphysical cloud properties. Two selected cloud regions are compared and discussed in detail. Significant differences in optical properties are evidenced in terms of 22 • halo occurrences even though prevalent planarplate ice crystals are observed in both cloud regions. Featureless scattering phase functions are measured in the first cloud region located near the trailing edge of the cirrus-band at about 11 800 m/−57 • C. In contrast, well pronounced 22 • halo peaks are observed with predominant similar-shaped ice crystals near the cirrus-band leading edge at 7100 m/−27 • C. CPI ice crystal images with Polar Nephelometer observations are carefully analysed and interpreted from a theoretical light scattering model in order to explain occurrence and non-occurrence of the 22 • halo feature. The results highlight that the halo peaks are inherent only in perfect plate ice crystals (or pristine crystals). On the basis of previous datasets in mid-latitude cirrus, it is found that simple pristine crystals are uncommon whereas particles with imperfect or complex shapes are prevalent. As a result, phase functions that are smooth and featureless best represent cirrus scattering properties.

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Ice Particle Interarrival Times Measured with a Fast FSSP

Cited by 187 publications

References 16 publications

Chemical characteristics of ice residual nuclei in anvil cirrus clouds: evidence for homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation

Chemical characteristics of ice residual nuclei in anvil cirrus clouds: evidence for homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation

Ice crystal number concentration estimates from lidar-radar satellite remote sensing. Part 1: Method and evaluation

Optical properties of pristine ice crystals in mid-latitude cirrus clouds: a case study during CIRCLE-2 experiment

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