Ice loading on Danish wind turbines

Barker, Anne; Timco, G.W.; Gravesen, Helge; Vølund, P.

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2004.05.002

Cited by 72 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As ice-induced vibrations are determined by the crushing failure, different laboratory studies have been performed to explain the crushing failure in relation to ice-induced vibrations; see e.g., Määttänen (Määttänen, 1979;Määttänen et al, 2012), Kärnä (Kärnä, 1995;Kärnä et al, 2003aKärnä et al, , 2003b, Toyama et al (1983), Sodhi (2001), Gravesen et al (2005), Barker et al (2005) and Huang et al (2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory experiments to study ice-induced vibrations of scaled model structures during their interaction with level ice at different ice velocities

Nord

Lourens

Määttänen

et al. 2015

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory experiments to study ice-induced vibrations of scaled model structures during their interaction with level ice at different ice velocities

Nord

Lourens

Määttänen

et al. 2015

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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“…In 2003, the National Research Council of Canada completed a series of scaled laboratory tests to investigate key ice engineering issues for offshore wind farms in Denmark. The results identified different failure modes and their magnitude, the likelihood of lock-in vibrations, and optimum cone angles/design for load mitigation (Barker et al 2005).…”

Section: Ice Loading On Offshore Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Systems Engineering to the Research, Design, and Development of Wind Energy Systems

Dykes¹,

Meadows²,

Felker³

et al. 2011

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Executive SummaryOver the past 30 years, wind energy has evolved from a small industry active in a few countries to a large international industry involving major players in the manufacturing, development, and utility sectors. Coinciding with the industry growth, significant innovation in the technology has resulted in larger sized turbines with lower associated costs of energy and more complex designs in all subsystems-from the rotor to the drivetrain to the electronics and control systems. However, as the deployment of the technology grows and its role within the electricity sector has become more prominent, so have the expectations of the technology in terms of performance, reliability, and cost. For the industry to continue to succeed and become a sustainable source of electricity, innovation in wind energy technology must continue to improve performance and lower the cost of energy while supporting seamless integration of wind energy into the electric grid without creating significant negative impacts on local communities and environments. At the same time, the nature of the issues associated with wind energy design and development are noticeably more complex than in the past due to a variety of factors such as, for example, large turbines sizes, offshore deployment or complex terrains. Looking toward the future, the industry would benefit from an integrated approach that simultaneously addresses turbine design, plant design and development, grid interaction and operation, and mitigation of adverse community and environmental impacts. These activities must be integrated in order to meet this diverse set of goals while recognizing trade-offs that exist between them.In order to address these challenges, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has embarked on the Wind Energy Systems Engineering (WESE) initiative to evaluate how methods of systems engineering can be applied to the research, design, and development of wind energy systems. Systems engineering is a field within engineering that has a long history of application to complex technical systems such as aerospace. As such, the field holds much potential for addressing critical issues that face the wind industry today. This paper represents a first step for understanding this potential and lays out a conceptual design for the development of a WESE framework and tool. It reviews systems engineering methods as applied to related technical systems and illustrates how these methods can be combined in a WESE framework to meet the research, design, and development needs for the future of the industry. Subsequent efforts will focus on developing and implementing a framework based on the conceptual design illustrated in the last chapter of this report.In general, systems engineering approaches have the following four characteristics: holistic, multidisciplinary, integrated/value-driven, and long-term/life-cycle oriented. The approach is holistic in that it considers the full technical system, including any number of performance criteria, as well as potential...

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“…Adding ice-breaking cones at the water level is one of the methods to reduce iceinduced vibrations. Several ice resistant structures were designed to be of a conical shape at the water level-for example, piers of the Confederation Bridge in the Southern Gulf of the St. Lawrence (Brown, 1997), offshore wind turbine foundations in Danish waters (Barker et al, 2005) and oil platforms in China's Bohai Sea (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure mode of the ice sheet loading at the junction of the upward and downward breaking cones

Wang

Zhao³

et al. 2015

Ocean Engineering

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Ice loading on Danish wind turbines

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Laboratory experiments to study ice-induced vibrations of scaled model structures during their interaction with level ice at different ice velocities

Laboratory experiments to study ice-induced vibrations of scaled model structures during their interaction with level ice at different ice velocities

Applications of Systems Engineering to the Research, Design, and Development of Wind Energy Systems

Failure mode of the ice sheet loading at the junction of the upward and downward breaking cones

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