Icariin-Functionalized Coating on TiO2 Nanotubes Surface to Improve Osteoblast Activity In Vitro and Osteogenesis Ability In Vivo

Abstract

Surface modification of titanium is encouraged to facilitate early osseointegration in dental and orthopedic fields. Icariin is the main active constituents of Herba Epimedii, which has good bone-promoting ability. We established an icariin-functionalized coating composed of icariin and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) on TiO2 nanotubes surface (NT-ICA-PLGA) to promote osteoblast cell activity and early osseointegration. Surface topography, wettability and drug release pattern of the established NT-ICA-PLGA surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle test and drug release test. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell activity tests were performed using SEM, immunofluorescent staining, cell counting kit-8 and alkaline phosphatase assays. The osteogenic effects of different surfaces were observed using a rat model. Surface characterization proved the successful fabrication of the icariin-functionalized coating on the TiO2 nanotube structure, with increased wettability. The NT-ICA-PLGA substrate showed sustained release of icariin until two weeks. Osteoblast cells grown on the NT-ICA-PLGA substrate displayed improved cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation ability than the control Ti surface. The in vivo experiment also revealed superior bone forming ability on the NT-ICA-PLGA surface, compared to the pure Ti control. These results imply that the developed NT-ICA-PLGA substrate has a promising future use as functionalized coating for implant surface modification.

<p>Zn-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages</p>

“…Moreover, the 15VZn and 25VZn groups revealed obviously higher osteogenic gene expressions than the other groups, with the highest ALP, OPN and Runx-2 gene expressions in the 15VZn group and the highest levels of COL1a1 gene expression in the 25VZn group. These results suggested that, similar to previous reports, 3,11,24 the TNT structure could increase osteogenic gene expression. More importantly, the addition of Zn on the TNT surface could gain additional osteogenic effect, with the 15VZn group displaying substantially superior osteogenic effect compared with the other Zn-loaded groups.…”

“…By comparison with the two alternative methods mentioned above, conditioned medium co-culture was chosen in this experiment to assess OIM because of its simple, rapid procedure and good testing repeatability. 77 Since MC3T3-E1 cells are widely used as cell model systems in bone biology, 3 we employed this cell line to evaluate the OIM capabilities of different biomaterials in this experiment.…”

“…Although titanium (Ti) and its alloy implants have good biocompatibility and high success rates, 1,2 implant failure occasionally occurs and is mostly attributed to its bio-inertness. 3,4 In order to improve the bioactivity of Ti-based material, numerous methods have been applied. Strategies for implant surface modification include modifying the surface topography 5 (such as nanoscale or microscale structures); adjusting the surface chemistry 6 (hydrophilicity and electric potential); incorporating bioactive molecules or drugs [7][8][9] (such as IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-4, steroid and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs); and incorporating trace elements [10][11][12] (such as calcium, magnesium, strontium and zinc).…”

“…Several studies have shown that the TNT coating could improve adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. 3,26 Meanwhile, it could also accelerate osseointegration. [27][28][29] The TNT topography was also reported to balance in vitro immune response.…”

Icariin/Aspirin Composite Coating on TiO2 Nanotubes Surface Induce Immunomodulatory Effect of Macrophage and Improve Osteoblast Activity

“…In addition, icariin is also a promising osteoinductive compound for bone tissue engineering [11,16]. We previously reported that the icariin-functionalized coating on TiO 2 nanotubes surface promote osteoblast function and accelerate osseointegration [17]. Moreover, recently the anti-inflammatory [18,19] and immunoregulatory [20] functions of ICA has also been raised.…”