<i>ZmGA3ox2</i>, a candidate gene for a major <scp>QTL</scp>,<scp><i>qPH3.1</i></scp>, for plant height in maize

Feng, Teng; Zhai, Lihong; Liu, Ruixiang; Bai, Wei; Wang, Liqiu; Huo, Dongao; Tao, Yuezhi; Zheng, Yanyan; Zhang, Zuxin

doi:10.1111/tpj.12038

Cited by 132 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The mutation in d1-6016 allele was also independently found in GA3ox2 recently. 9 Thus, these results confirmed that ZmGA3ox2 is the causative gene for d1 phenotype. Enzymatic analysis of D1 protein indicated that it can catalyze at least 4 reactions leading to bioactive GA formation: GA 9 to GA 4 , GA 20 to GA 1 , GA 20 to GA 3 , and GA 5 to GA 3 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

New insight in the Gibberellin biosynthesis and signal transduction

Chen

Tan

2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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G ibberellin (GA) plays important roles through plant growth and development. However, where GA is synthesized inside a cell and how it regulates sex determination is obscure. We analyzed the classic dwarf1 (d1) mutant in maize and revealed that D1 encodes GA 3-oxidase converting inactive GA intermediates to bioactive GA. As such, the D1 protein marks the sites where GA is potentially synthesized. Interestingly, the D1 protein was found to localize in the cytosol and nucleus, a dual-localization coinciding with the GA receptor. The same result was found for GA 20-oxidase catalyzing the upstream reaction. These results suggest that GA can be synthesized in the cytosol and nucleus. The D1 protein was highly and specifically expressed in the stamen primordia in the ear florets, but low in the whole tassel. Hence it is possible that low level of GA in the tassel is insufficient to suppress stamen development. As jasmonic acid (JA) plays antagonistic role to GA in the tassel florets, here we propose a model to explain this antagonism effect on the regulation of the stamen and pistil organ development in the tassel florets in maize.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

New insight in the Gibberellin biosynthesis and signal transduction

Chen

Tan

2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…This extends the previous analysis that the d1 mutation blocked three steps in GA biosynthesis (Spray et al, 1996). Together with the report that ZmGA3ox2 is a candidate gene for a major quantitative trait locus for plant height (qPH3.1; Teng et al, 2013), these results indicate that D1 encodes ZmGA3ox2, a GA3ox that catalyzes the final step of GA biosynthesis.…”

Section: D1 Encodes a Ga3ox Catalyzing The Final Step Of Ga Biosynthesupporting

confidence: 70%

“…7), suggesting that ZmGA3ox1 plays a minor role in GA biosynthesis in major tissues. It was reported that ZmGA3ox1 was expressed in the immature tassel (Teng et al, 2013). Thus, it is possible that ZmGA3ox1 is expressed at a very low level or in limited cell types, such as in a few cells in immature tassels.…”

Section: D1 Encodes a Ga3ox Catalyzing The Final Step Of Ga Biosynthementioning

confidence: 99%

The MaizeDWARF1Encodes a Gibberellin 3-Oxidase and Is Dual Localized to the Nucleus and Cytosol

et al. 2014

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The maize (Zea mays) gibberellin (GA)-deficient mutant dwarf1 (d1) displays dwarfism and andromonoecy (i.e. forming anthers in the female flower). Previous characterization indicated that the d1 mutation blocked three steps in GA biosynthesis; however, the locus has not been isolated and characterized. Here, we report that D1 encodes a GA 3-oxidase catalyzing the final step of bioactive GA synthesis. Recombinant D1 is capable of converting GA 20 to GA 1 , GA 20 to GA 3 , GA 5 to GA 3 , and GA 9 to GA 4 in vitro. These reactions are widely believed to take place in the cytosol. However, both in vivo GFP fusion analysis and westernblot analysis of organelle fractions using a D1-specific antibody revealed that the D1 protein is dual localized in the nucleus and cytosol. Furthermore, the upstream gibberellin 20-oxidase1 (ZmGA20ox1) protein was found dual localized in the nucleus and cytosol as well. These results indicate that bioactive GA can be synthesized in the cytosol and the nucleus, two compartments where GA receptor Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf protein1 exists. Furthermore, the D1 protein was found to be specifically expressed in the stamen primordia in the female floret, suggesting that the suppression of stamen development is mediated by locally synthesized GAs.

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“…D8 is a negative GA-responsive regulator in maize [86] , and its orthologs in Arabidopsis (GAI) [87] and wheat (Rht) [88] share a conserved DELLA domain that is important for the recognition of GAs. ZmGA3ox2 (D18), an ortholog of OsGA3ox2, encoding a GA3β-hydroxylase, has a similar expression pattern to OsGA3ox2, which has been confirmed as controlling the elongation of the vegetative shoot [89] . Here we showed that mRNAs corresponding to four probe sets (Zm.13480.1.S1_at and Zm.390.1.S1_at) were significantly changed in the maize internode elongation responses to ethephon treatment.…”

Section: Possible Roles Of Plant Hormone Pathway and Expression In Inmentioning

confidence: 90%

Analysis of differential expression of genes induced by ethephon in elongating internodes of maize plants

Wei¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are commonly used in cereal cropping systems to restrict plant height and control lodging. Ethephon has been reported to shorten internodes and increase grain yield of maize. To analyze the transcriptomic profiles of maize internode elongation following ethephon treatment, differentially expressed genes were compared between the treatment and control samples of inbred line Zong 31 using the Affymetrix Maize Genome Array. According to the microarray data, 326 probe sets showed significant change in expression. Further research revealed that the most remarkable effects of ethephon on maize internodes elongation occurred during a 48 h period, when 89 differentially expressed genes were detected. There were dramatic change in transcript levels at 24 h and six Auxin transport genes and four gibberellin biosynthesis pathway genes were differentially expressed in Zong 31 in response to ethephon treatment. In summary, we showed that gaseous ethylene release is involved in internode meristem cell elongation through the regulation of plant hormone signaling in maize. This work provides a platform for studies in which candidate genes will be functionally tested for involvement in internode elongation.

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ZmGA3ox2, a candidate gene for a major QTL,qPH3.1, for plant height in maize

Cited by 132 publications

References 63 publications

New insight in the Gibberellin biosynthesis and signal transduction

New insight in the Gibberellin biosynthesis and signal transduction

The MaizeDWARF1Encodes a Gibberellin 3-Oxidase and Is Dual Localized to the Nucleus and Cytosol

Analysis of differential expression of genes induced by ethephon in elongating internodes of maize plants

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