X anthium Orientale subsp. Italicum (Moretti) Greuter: bioassay-guided isolation and its chemical basis of antitumor cytotoxicity

Abstract

Inspired by the allelopathetic effects of Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter, bioassay-guided isolation was employed to identify its antitumor constitutes and clarify the chemical basis of its multitarget activity. Among four fractions of X. orientale extraction, TCM-fr and PE-fr were discovered to exhibit significant cytotoxicity aganist HepG 2 and A549 cells, which were further isolated by chromatographic methods to yield 16 compounds, including 6 active ones: xanthatin (1), xanthinosin (2), lupeol (6), oleanolic acid (9), betulinic acid (10) and emodin ( 12) with IC 50 of 10~120μM. The systematically study of antitumor constitutes has firstly provided a chemical basis for the multitarget and synergistic anticancer activity of the genus Xanthium. The method presented could be utilized to guide the exploitation and promising utilization of X. orientale on cancer therapy.

New Lupanes from Alstonia scholaris Reducing Uric Acid Level

“…Nine known compounds were identified as 3β-acetoxylup-20 (29)-en-30-ol (4) [27], 2β,3β-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (5) [28], betulin (6) [29], ilekudinol C (7) [30], 2β,3β,28-lup-20(29)-en-triol (8) [31], betulone (9) [32], 28-O-acetylbetulin (10) [29], swinniol (11) [33], and 28-norlup-20(29)-ene-3β,17β-diol (12) [34] by comparison with the NMR spectrum data with the literature.…”

Xanthanolides in Xanthium L.: Structures, Synthesis and Bioactivity

“…The anti-tumor activities of some Xanthium species have been discovered for a long history, such as X. canadense , X. catharticum , X. chinense , X. echinatum , X. indicum , X. italicum , X. macrocarpum , X. orientale , X. spinosum and X. strumarium . [ 5 , 20 ] In our previous study, the leaf extract of X. italicum was found to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against human tumour cell lines A549 and hep G2 [ 68 ]. To date, the crude extracts of many Xanthium species, including X. strumarium L., X. italicum and et al, exhibited antitumor acitivity.…”

“…The bioassay-directed fractionation and cytotoxicity investigation revealed that the weak polar solvents, such as dichloro-methane or chloroform, were the most effective fractions. Our previous study conducted a bioassay-directed isolation of the crude extract of X. italicum , which led to the identification of two effective xanthanolides, xanthatin ( 1 ) and xanthinosin ( 22 ), from the chloroform fraction [ 68 ].…”