<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> TcI and TcII transmission among wild carnivores, small mammals and dogs in a conservation unit and surrounding areas, Brazil

Rocha, Fabiana Lopes; Roque, André Luiz Rodrigues; Arrais, Ricardo Corassa; Santos, Jean Pierre; Lima, Valdirene dos Santos; Xavier, Samanta Cristina das Chagas; Cordeir-Estrela, Pedro; D’Andrea, Paulo Sérgio; Jansen, Ana Maria

doi:10.1017/s0031182012001539

Cited by 40 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Domestic dogs sometimes were a point of entry of sylvatic strains of T. cruzi into (peri)domestic habitats (Cardinal et al, 2008;Enriquez et al, 2014;Ramírez et al, 2013;Rocha et al, 2013;Xavier et al, 2012). The propagation of these strains may depend on whether (peri)domestic premises are colonized by triatomines and the putative host-feeding links between dogs and local bugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the pioneering xenodiagnostic surveys of dogs conducted in Brazil (Freitas, 1950;Freitas et al, 1952;Martins et al, 1945) and recent ones using hemoculture (5-8 mL of host blood) and/or PCR (Bezerra et al, 2014;Eloy and Lucheis, 2012;Lucheis et al, 2005) documented the frequent occurrence of parasitologically-positive dogs or cats (Table 1). In contrast, dogs seropositive for T. cruzi across several areas were hemoculture-negative when smaller amounts (0.2-0.4 mL) of blood were tested (Roque et al, 2008;Xavier et al, 2012;Rocha et al, 2013). Whether the current reservoir competence of dogs across several regions of Brazil is negligible (Jansen and Roque, 2010;Xavier et al, 2012) or not merits further inquiry.…”

Section: Host Infectiousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other study sites that experienced repeated oral outbreaks of Chagas disease in Belém (Brazil), the same DTU (TcI) was identified in human cases, dogs and Rhodnius pictipes . Domestic dogs and various species of small wild mammals and triatomines also shared TcI in a nature preserve (Rocha et al, 2013), suggesting they were epidemiologically linked.…”

Section: Dogs As Sentinel Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reservoir host competence and the role of domestic and commensal hosts in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host Infectiousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dogs As Sentinel Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reservoir host competence and the role of domestic and commensal hosts in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

2015

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“…The vectors in this outbreak were collected in bedrooms, and TcI DOM was the predominant genotype. Canines have not been previously involved in outbreaks of orally transmitted infection; therefore, it is likely that the canine involved in this outbreak was in the acute phase of infection, as they are found infected in nature, and the infection source is the same as in humans [14]. This, coupled with the presence of a few triatomines in the area, allowed us to infer that infection could have involved glandular secretions by opossums in the wellbore, as microsatellite analyses of blood samples and odoriferous secretions yielded positive results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Molecular Typing ofTrypanosoma cruziin 2 Large Outbreaks of Acute Chagas Disease in Colombia

et al. 2016

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Oral transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi has gained relevance because of its association with high morbidity and lethality rates. This transmission route is responsible for maintaining the infection of the parasite in sylvatic cycles, and human cases have been associated mainly with the consumption of food contaminated with triatomine feces or didelphid secretions. Several ecological changes allow the intrusion of sylvatic reservoirs and triatomines to the domestic environments with subsequent food contamination. Here, high-resolution molecular tools were used to detect and genotype T. cruzi across humans, reservoirs, and insect vectors in 2 acute outbreaks of presumptive oral transmission in eastern Colombia.Keywords. Chagas disease; oral transmission; outbreaks; triatomines; Trypanosoma cruzi; opossums; canines; food.Oral transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi is considered ancient, allowing the circulation and maintenance of the parasite in the sylvatic cycle of transmission. T. cruzi has been classified into 6 discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI-TcVI, and, within TcI, into 2 genotypes (domestic TcI [TcI Dom ] and sylvatic TcI). In humans, this mechanism has been described in >1000 cases corresponding to 138 outbreaks, with a fatality rate of 8%-35% across Latin America [1,2]. In Colombia, between 1992 and 2009, 11 outbreaks were reported, with a lethality rate of 16.0% [3]. In 2014, 2 outbreaks occurred in the Colombian Orinoco region.The aim of this study was to determine the possible sources of oral transmission, by using molecular tools, during the outbreaks that occurred in the municipalities of Restrepo, Meta Department, and Paz de Ariporo, Casanare Department. METHODSA total of 70 patients with suspected T. cruzi oral infection, along with 39 samples from reservoir organisms (opossums and canines) and 23 samples from triatomines (Panstrongylus geniculatus, Rhodnius pictipes, and Rhodnius prolixus) during the 2 outbreaks were included. Patients were confirmed as infected, using direct parasitological tests (thick blood smears), serological tests (trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigen [TESA] [5,6]. Finally, in all qPCR-positive samples, amplification and analysis by Microsat (a program for microsatellite analysis) was performed using 7 microsatellite markers [7]. RESULTS Restrepo OutbreakThis outbreak occurred in a family comprising 4 adults and 1 child, who visited Restrepo, including a farm, which contains forests and savannas, as well as some restaurants located along the road in Cumaral municipality, between February 13 and 16, 2014. The family returned to Bogota (the capital of Colombia) afterward, where the 4 adults were hospitalized for fever and edema. Thick blood smears were positive in 2 of 4 symptomatic patients. Results of conventional serological analyses, TESA blots, and molecular tests were positive for the 4 symptomatic patients. The median parasite load was 6.2 equivalent parasites/mL. The child was asymptomatic and had negative results of all diagnostic tests (Supplementary Table 1).The fi...

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“…The natural populations of T. cruzi are polyclonal and its subpopulations can be exposed to selective pressure depending on the genetic constitution of the vertebrate host 10,11 , different species of triatomines in which the parasites develop and circulate 12,13 , and genetic constitution of these parasites 14 . However, some aspects of the coevolution of this parasite and vector bugs remain poorly understood 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympatry influence in the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with triatomine

Dworak

Araújo

Gomes

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, is widely distributed in nature, circulating between triatomine bugs and sylvatic mammals, and has large genetic diversity. Both the vector species and the genetic lineages of T. cruzi present a varied geographical distribution. This study aimed to verify the influence of sympatry in the interaction of T. cruzi with triatomines. Methods: The behavior of the strains PR2256 (T. cruzi II) and AM14 (T. cruzi IV) was studied in Triatoma sordida (TS) and Rhodnius robustus (RR). Eleven fifth-stage nymphs were fed by artificial xenodiagnosis with 5.6 × 10 3 blood trypomastigotes/0.1mL of each T. cruzi strain. Every 20 days, their excreta were examined for up to 100 days, and every 30 days, the intestinal content was examined for up to 120 days, by parasitological (fresh examination and differential count with Giemsa-stained smears) and molecular (PCR) methods. Rates of infectivity, metacyclogenesis and mortality, and mean number of parasites per insect and of excreted parasites were determined. Results: Sympatric groups RR+AM14 and TS+PR2256 showed higher values of the four parameters, except for mortality rate, which was higher (27.3%) in the TS+AM14 group. General infectivity was 72.7%, which was mainly proven by PCR, showing the following decreasing order: RR+AM14 (100%), TS+PR2256 (81.8%), RR+PR2256 (72.7%) and TS+AM14 (36.4%). Conclusions: Our working hypothesis was confirmed once higher infectivity and vector capacity (flagellate production and elimination of infective metacyclic forms) were recorded in the groups that contained sympatric T. cruzi lineages and triatomine species.

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Trypanosoma cruzi TcI and TcII transmission among wild carnivores, small mammals and dogs in a conservation unit and surrounding areas, Brazil

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

Reservoir host competence and the role of domestic and commensal hosts in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

Reservoir host competence and the role of domestic and commensal hosts in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

High-Resolution Molecular Typing ofTrypanosoma cruziin 2 Large Outbreaks of Acute Chagas Disease in Colombia

Sympatry influence in the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with triatomine

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