Reservoir host competence and the role of domestic and commensal hosts in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

Gürtler, Ricardo E.; Cardinal, Marta Victoria

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.05.029

Cited by 124 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…The present results are consistent with the critical role that domestic dogs and cats play as domestic reservoir hosts of T. cruzi throughout the Americas [13]. Their infection was closely and positively correlated with the density of infected T. infestans [20, 31, 33, 34] and with the relative odds of human infection with T. cruzi elsewhere [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…rodents, marsupials). Treatment of infected dogs that diminish their infectiousness or repellents that reduce dog-vector contact rates would exert a tremendous impact on domestic transmission risks [13]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Putative predictors of human infection were established a priori based on existing evidence [13, 20, 21, 24, 36, 37] on the major role of T. infestans -mediated transmission, including the density of infected bugs, exposure time, the occurrence and number of infected dogs and cats, number of infected co-inhabitants, and current hypotheses on potential effects of ethnic background. The random-intercept (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the dry Argentinean Chaco, sustained and supervised control actions suppressed vector-borne transmission whereas pulsed, unsupervised insecticide sprays left pockets of residual transmission [10–12]. Renewed transmission to humans was detected as early as 2–3 years after domestic reinfestation occurred and was preceded by domestic dog infections [10, 13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina

et al. 2018

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BackgroundInsecticide spraying campaigns designed to suppress the principal vectors of the Chagas disease usually lack an active surveillance system that copes with house reinvasion. Following an insecticide campaign with no subsequent surveillance over a 12-year period, we implemented a longitudinal intervention programme including periodic surveys for Triatoma infestans, full-coverage house spraying with insecticides, and selective control in a well-defined rural area of the Argentinean Chaco inhabited by Creoles and one indigenous group (Qom). Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study and report the age-specific seroprevalence of human T. cruzi infection by group, and examine the association between human infection, the onset of the intervention, the relative density of infected domestic bugs, and the household number of infected people, dogs, or cats.ResultsThe seroprevalence of infection among 691 residents examined was 39.8% and increased steadily with age, reaching 53–70% in those older than 20 years. The mean annual force of infection was 2.5 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.8–3.3%). Infection in children younger than 16 years born before the intervention programme was two to four times higher in houses with infected T. infestans than in houses without them and was six times higher when there were both infected dogs or cats and bugs than when they were absent. The model-averaged estimate of the intervention effect suggests that the odds of seropositivity were about nine times smaller for those born after the onset of the intervention than for those born before it, regardless of ethnic background, age, gender, household wealth, and cohabitation with T. cruzi-infected vectors or human hosts. Human infection was also closely associated with the baseline abundance of infected domestic triatomines and the number of infected cohabitants. Two of 43 children born after interventions were T. cruzi-seropositive; since their mothers were seropositive and both resided in apparently uninfested houses they were attributed to vertical transmission. Alternatively, these cases could be due to non-local vector-borne transmission.ConclusionsOur study reveals high levels of human infection with T. cruzi in the Argentinean Chaco, and the immediate impact of sustained vector surveillance and selective control actions on transmission.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3069-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina

et al. 2018

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“…For instance, recent outbreaks of acute cases in certain regions from Brazil and Venezuela were not strictly vector-borne but rather due to accidental ingestion of T. cruzi -tainted food and fluids (Alarcon de Noya et al, 2010; Segovia et al, 2013). This 'food-borne' transmission mode likely constitutes an ancient epidemiological trait, very important to the zoonotic spreading of the parasite (Gurtler and Cardinal, 2015), and appears to be associated with increased virulence and a higher case-fatality rate in humans (Alarcon de Noya et al, 2010; Segovia et al, 2013). In addition, migratory trends of infected populations from rural areas to urban centers and/or to non-endemic regions along with changes in the eco-geographical distribution of vector populations have led to the gradual urbanization and globalization of Chagas disease, which is now recognized as an emerging worldwide threat to public health (Eisenstein, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chagas Disease Diagnostic Applications

Balouz

Agüero

Buscaglia

2017

Advances in Parasitology

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Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a life-long and debilitating illness of major significance throughout Latin America, and an emergent threat to global public health. Being a neglected disease, the vast majority of Chagasic patients have limited access to proper diagnosis and treatment, and there is only a marginal investment into R&D for drug and vaccine development. In this context, identification of novel biomarkers able to transcend the current limits of diagnostic methods surfaces as a main priority in Chagas disease applied research. The expectation is that these novel biomarkers will provide reliable, reproducible and accurate results irrespective of the genetic background, infecting parasite strain, stage of disease, and clinical-associated features of Chagasic populations. In addition, they should be able to address other still unmet diagnostic needs, including early detection of congenital T. cruzi transmission, rapid assessment of treatment efficiency or failure, indication/prediction of disease progression and direct parasite typification in clinical samples. The lack of access of poor and neglected populations to essential diagnostics also stress the necessity of developing new methods operational in Point-of-Care (PoC) settings. In summary, emergent diagnostic tests integrating these novel and tailored tools should provide a significant impact on the effectiveness of current intervention schemes and on the clinical management of Chagasic patients. In this chapter, we discuss the present knowledge and possible future steps in Chagas disease diagnostic applications, as well as the opportunity provided by recent advances in high-throughput methods for biomarker discovery.

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Antiprotozoal agents: How have they changed over a decade?

Fernandes

Rosa

Zimmermann

et al. 2021

Archiv der Pharmazie

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Neglected tropical diseases are a diverse group of communicable diseases that are endemic in low‐ or low‐to‐middle‐income countries located in tropical and subtropical zones. The number and availability of drugs for treating these diseases are low, the administration route is inconvenient in some cases, and most of them have safety, efficacy, or adverse/toxic reaction issues. The need for developing new drugs to deal with these issues is clear, but one of the most drastic consequences of this negligence is the lack of interest in the research and development of new therapeutic options among major pharmaceutical companies. Positive changes have been achieved over the last few years, although the overall situation remains alarming. After more than one decade since the original work reviewing antiprotozoal agents came to light, now it is time to question ourselves: How has the scenario for the treatment of protozoal diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, and American trypanosomiasis changed? This review covers the last decade in terms of the drugs currently available for the treatment of these diseases as well as the clinical candidates being currently investigated.

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Reservoir host competence and the role of domestic and commensal hosts in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

Cited by 124 publications

References 163 publications

High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina

High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina

Chagas Disease Diagnostic Applications

Antiprotozoal agents: How have they changed over a decade?

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