Trifoliumspecies – the latest findings on chemical profile, ethnomedicinal use and pharmacological properties

Abstract

Objectives Clovers (Trifolium, Fabaceae) have a long history of use in folk medicine. Furthermore, during last 3 years, a considerable growth in scientific interest in these plants has been observed. This article summarizes and critically reviews an over 3-year progress of knowledge of ethnomedicinal use, phytochemical profile, physiological effects and possible therapeutic action of various clover species. It contains the latest literature (over 80 papers), originated from international databases

Perspectives on the Combined Effects of Ocimum basilicum and Trifolium pratense Extracts in Terms of Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Effects

“…Plants harvested in the early period of the flowering phase presented the highest content of glycosides. Thus, Trifolium species can be grouped into three major classes, taking into account the amount of cyanogenic glycosides and their ratio in the extract of the aerial part of the plant [ 27 , 28 , 29 ] ( Figure 2 ).…”

“…Due to some common compounds the extracts from the plants T. pratense and O. basilicum have been shown to have similar therapeutic effects [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. The biological activities specific to the T. Pratense and O. basilicum , but also its common biological effects are presented in Figure 3 [ 11 , 28 ].…”

Phenolic fractions from nine Trifolium species modulate the coagulant properties of blood plasma in vitro without cytotoxicity towards blood cells

“…However, biochemical mechanisms clover‐derived substances or extracts on human or animal organisms are only partly recognized. Besides the biological activity of T. pratense (red clover), the number of pharmacological or biochemical reports concerning the biological activity of other clover species is limited …”

“…majus Boiss., T. resupinatum L. var. resupinatum and T. scabrum L.) were chosen based on our previous phytochemical and biochemical studies as well as medicinal and ethnopharmacological data . The examined extracts represent diverse phytochemical profiles (with different predominant components, Table ); however, they may be classified to one of two major groups.…”

Combination of Red Clover and Hops Extract Improved Menopause Symptoms in an Ovariectomized Rat Model

“…Xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, and 8prenylnaringenin (8-PN) in hops are also known as phytoestrogens [19]. Red clover and hops extracts have been reported to improve the fragmentary symptoms of menopause, such as osteoporosis and hot flashes; however, their effectiveness is still being debated [20][21][22]. Building on this previous work, the present study was conducted to study the overall improvement of women's menopausal symptoms, such as accumulation of body fat, hot flashes, abnormal blood lipids, osteoporosis, and risk of CVD, by the administration of RHEC in OVX rats.…”