<i>Trans</i>–<i>trans</i> Conjugated Linoleic Acid Enriched Soybean Oil Reduces Fatty Liver and Lowers Serum Cholesterol in Obese Zucker Rats

Gilbert, William; Gadang, Vidya; Proctor, Andrew; Jain, Vishal; Devareddy, Latha

doi:10.1007/s11745-011-3585-6

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…29 The most valuable contribution of the Zucker rat has been its utility as a model of human, earlyonset hyperplastic-hypertrophic obesity. [30][31][32][33][34] In addition, this rat model develops hepatic steatosis due to dysregulated metabolic gene expression in the liver, as is seen in humans, 28 making it suitable for studying fatty liver disease. 35 Our current study findings as well as those of our colleagues demonstrated that SPI consumption reduced liver steatosis in the obese Zucker rat model with 16-week (long term) SPI consumption, 23,36 but little is known about the inhibitory effect of SPI consumption on liver steatosis in the more early stages (e.g., 8 weeks).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and Long-Term Soy Diet Versus Casein Protects Liver Steatosis Independent of the Arginine Content

Hakkak

Zeng

Dhakal

et al. 2015

Journal of Medicinal Food

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a major cause of abnormal liver function, is often associated with obesity. Arginine (ARG) plays a role in modulating body weight/fat, but limited data exist as to the role of ARG in soy protein's ability to protect from liver steatosis. We investigated the role of native ARG in the soy protein isolate (SPI) in reducing liver steatosis in male obese Zucker rats. Rats (N=48; 6 weeks old) were randomly assigned to one of three diets for 8 or 16 weeks: the casein (CAS) diet as control (0.6% ARG), CAS diet supplemented to contain 1.3% ARG, or an SPI diet containing isoflavones (1.3% ARG). SPI and ARG rats gained significantly more weight (P<.05) than CAS rats after 16 weeks only. The SPI rats had lower liver steatosis scores after 8 and 16 weeks (P<.05 and P<.001, respectively) compared to CAS and ARG rats. SPI rats had lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (P<.05) compared to CAS after 16 weeks, and AST was lower (P<.05) compared to ARG rats. After 16 weeks, the SPI rats had lower (P<.05) serum ALT and AST levels than at 8 weeks. Our results suggest that a longer period of SPI feeding results in lower liver steatosis and serum ALT and AST levels, while the ARG diet had no effect on steatosis or ALT and AST levels. We found that the SPI diet reduced (P<.001) serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared to CAS and ARG diets after 8 and 16 weeks. The SPI diet significantly reduced (P<.001) interleukin-6 (IL-6) when compared to the CAS diet at 8 weeks, but there was no significant difference at 16 weeks. Based on the findings of our study, the protective effect of SPI in reducing liver steatosis is not modulated by its native arginine content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and Long-Term Soy Diet Versus Casein Protects Liver Steatosis Independent of the Arginine Content

Hakkak

Zeng

Dhakal

et al. 2015

Journal of Medicinal Food

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“…Poultry feeding trials that reported conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) enriched eggs 15 and subsequent egg quality changes have used predominantly cis, trans CLA isomer 16 mixtures. [1][2][3][4] CLA supplementation of 4% and greater resulted in adverse egg quality 17 effects such as egg, yolk and albumen weight reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of trans, trans CLA Egg Enrichment from CLA-Rich Soy Oil on Yolk Fatty Acid Composition, Viscosity and Physical Properties

Shinn

Gilley

Proctor

et al. 2015

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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CLA egg accumulation studies using cis, trans (c,t) isomers have been effective, but they reported adverse egg quality. trans, trans (t,t) CLA isomers have shown superior nutritional effects in rodent studies, but reports of t,t CLA-rich yolks are limited. The objectives were to determine the effect of t,t CLA-rich soy oil in feed on egg yolk viscosity, and yolk quality during refrigerated storage. Yolk fatty acids, viscosity, weight, index, moisture, pH, and vitelline membrane strength (VMS) were determined at 0, 20, and 30 storage days. CLA had minimal effect on fatty acid profiles, relative to c,t reports. CLA-rich yolk viscosity was greater than controls, and CLA yolks maintained higher viscosities during storage. Yolk weight and index were not affected by t,t CLA-rich soy oil. Yolks with the greatest CLA concentrations had the greatest VMS after 20 days of storage, and yolks containing lower CLA levels maintained greater VMS throughout 30 days of storage, relative to controls.

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“…As expected, only Channel Catfish fed the CLA-enhanced diet contained CLA isomers (1.6%) in the muscle. The majority of the CLA isomers consisted of three trans isomers: trans-9, trans-11; trans-10, trans-12; and trans-11, trans-13. Although not as well documented as the human health benefits of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers, there is recent evidence that trans, trans CLA isomers may also provide human health benefits (Gilbert et al 2011). Manning et al (2006) fed higher concentrations of dietary CLAs to juvenile Channel Catfish and obtained higher concentrations of CLAs (6.4%) in the muscle.…”

Section: Proximate and Fatty Acid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Diets Containing Standard Soybean Oil, Soybean Oil Enhanced with Conjugated Linoleic Acids, Menhaden Fish Oil, or an Algal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplement on Channel Catfish Performance, Body Composition, Sensory Evaluation, and Storage Characteristics

Faukner¹,

Rawles²,

Proctor³

et al. 2013

N American J Aquac

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Fish consumption is a common method of obtaining beneficial n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs), but increased use of vegetable oils in fish diets to reduce dependence on fish oil dilutes the amounts of LC‐PUFAs. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are also considered beneficial for human health. Therefore, we investigated four different lipid sources in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus diets for their ability to enhance fatty acid profiles of fillets to benefit human health while maintaining or improving fish performance. In a 175‐d grow‐out trial, Channel Catfish (71.4 ± 0.1 g [mean ± SE]) were fed a commercial 32% protein diet supplemented with 2% lipid from soybean oil (SO), soybean oil enhanced with conjugated linoleic acids, menhaden fish oil (FO), or an algal supplement of Schizochytrium sp. high in 22:6(n‐3) (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). Diet effects were assessed by measuring fish growth performance, muscle proximate and fatty acid composition, sensory characteristics of fillets, consumer taste preferences, and oxidative stability of fillets during cold storage. There were no differences in fish growth performance or proximate composition. Only fish fed the CLA diet contained CLAs in the muscle. Fish fed the FO and algal DHA diets had higher concentrations of 22:6(n‐3) in the muscle compared with fish fed the SO and CLA diets. Sensory evaluation and consumer preference testing were more favorable for fillets from fish fed the SO and CLA diets than from fish fed the FO and algal DHA diets. There were no differences in storage characteristics of fish refrigerated at 4°C for 2 weeks or frozen at −18°C for 4 weeks. Fillets from fish fed the FO diet yielded the highest concentration of fatty acids for human health benefits, followed by the fillets from fish fed the algal DHA diets. The CLA diet produced increased fillet concentrations of CLAs.

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Trans–trans Conjugated Linoleic Acid Enriched Soybean Oil Reduces Fatty Liver and Lowers Serum Cholesterol in Obese Zucker Rats

Cited by 39 publications

References 46 publications

Short- and Long-Term Soy Diet Versus Casein Protects Liver Steatosis Independent of the Arginine Content

Short- and Long-Term Soy Diet Versus Casein Protects Liver Steatosis Independent of the Arginine Content

Effect of trans, trans CLA Egg Enrichment from CLA-Rich Soy Oil on Yolk Fatty Acid Composition, Viscosity and Physical Properties

The Effects of Diets Containing Standard Soybean Oil, Soybean Oil Enhanced with Conjugated Linoleic Acids, Menhaden Fish Oil, or an Algal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplement on Channel Catfish Performance, Body Composition, Sensory Evaluation, and Storage Characteristics

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