The Effects of Diets Containing Standard Soybean Oil, Soybean Oil Enhanced with Conjugated Linoleic Acids, Menhaden Fish Oil, or an Algal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplement on Channel Catfish Performance, Body Composition, Sensory Evaluation, and Storage Characteristics

Abstract

Fish consumption is a common method of obtaining beneficial n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs), but increased use of vegetable oils in fish diets to reduce dependence on fish oil dilutes the amounts of LC‐PUFAs. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are also considered beneficial for human health. Therefore, we investigated four different lipid sources in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus diets for their ability to enhance fatty acid profiles of fillets to benefit human health while maintaining or improving fish performance. In a 175‐d grow‐out trial, Channel Catfish (71.4 ± 0.1 g [mean ± SE]) were fed a commercial 32% protein diet supplemented with 2% lipid from soybean oil (SO), soybean oil enhanced with conjugated linoleic acids, menhaden fish oil (FO), or an algal supplement of Schizochytrium sp. high in 22:6(n‐3) (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). Diet effects were assessed by measuring fish growth performance, muscle proximate and fatty acid composition, sensory characteristics of fillets, consumer taste preferences, and oxidative stability of fillets during cold storage. There were no differences in fish growth performance or proximate composition. Only fish fed the CLA diet contained CLAs in the muscle. Fish fed the FO and algal DHA diets had higher concentrations of 22:6(n‐3) in the muscle compared with fish fed the SO and CLA diets. Sensory evaluation and consumer preference testing were more favorable for fillets from fish fed the SO and CLA diets than from fish fed the FO and algal DHA diets. There were no differences in storage characteristics of fish refrigerated at 4°C for 2 weeks or frozen at −18°C for 4 weeks. Fillets from fish fed the FO diet yielded the highest concentration of fatty acids for human health benefits, followed by the fillets from fish fed the algal DHA diets. The CLA diet produced increased fillet concentrations of CLAs.

Isolation, Characterization and Biotechnological Potentials of Thraustochytrids from Icelandic Waters

“…Therefore, feeds for farmed fish need substantial amounts of these FAs [62]. Authors have shown that thraustochytrid oil or meal can be adequate alternatives to fish oil for cultured fish (e.g., [63,64,65,66,67]) or molluscs [68,69]. Live thraustochytrids have been used to enrich Artemia nauplii and rotifers before they are fed to fish larvae [70,71,72,73].…”

Strategies for Producing and Incorporating Conjugated Linoleic Acid–Rich Oils in Foods

“…Catfish. As CLA-rich oil has been shown to exert tissue incorporation in mammals, studies have been conducted on fish to investigate the accumulation of CLA in their tissues through dietary supplementation (Choi et al 1999, Faukner et al 2013. In a 175-day grow-out trial, channel catfish were fed a commercial 32% protein diet supplemented with 2% lipid from either CLA-rich soy oil produced by photoisomerization ( Jain et al 2008) or conventional soy oil.…”

Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, nutrition in the United States: A historical perspective

“…Some studies were a collaboration with economist/Center Director Dr. C. R. “Carole” Engle, who was running feeding trials with catfish to establish the most profitable production practices, and with the NWAC in Mississippi. Several trials were conducted involving the grow‐out of catfish, including investigating alternative feedstuffs (Engle, Kumar, Lochmann, Bosworth, & Thompson, ; R. Lochmann et al, ; R. T. Lochmann, Islam, Phillips, Adam, & Everette, ; Pugliese, Heikes, Engle, Bosworth, & Lochmann, ; Renukdas et al, ; Sink & Lochmann, ), prebiotics (Thompson, Lochmann, Phillips, & Sink, ), lipid sources (Faukner et al, , ; Sink & Lochmann, ; Suja, Lochmann, Sink, Phillips, & Chen, ), dietary protein and feeding frequency (Engle, Ruebush, Leyva, & Trimpey, ), and winter feeding (Bastola, Engle, Haukenes, & Freeman, ; Nanninga, Engle, Stone, & Goodwin, ). Research was also conducted on the nutrition of catfish fry (Sink, Lochmann, & Kinsey, ) and broodfish (Sink & Lochmann, ; Sink, Lochmann, Pohlenz, Buentello, & Gatlin, ).…”