<i>Toxocara canis</i>: egg presence in Melbourne parks and disease incidence in Victoria

Carden, Susan M.; Meusemann, Robin; Walker, John C.; Stawell, Richard; MacKinnon, Jane R.; Smith, Danielle M.; Stawell, Alison M; Hall, Anthony Jh

doi:10.1046/j.1442-9071.2003.00622.x

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…According to our studies, among Toxocara spp., the largest share belonged to T. canis, which coincides with data from other scientists (Masalkova, 2015). Taking into account results of our studies, we have to agree with data of other authors (Dunsmore et al, 1984;Carden et al, 2003;Aydenizöz Ozkayhan, 2006;Avcioglu & Burgu, 2008), that public parks and sandboxes can be sources of toxocariasis. In Argentina 28% of public parks, 5.9% of sandboxes and 2.4% of accommodation buildings were also contaminated with eggs of Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Contamination of urbanized territories with eggs of helmiths of animals

et al. 2019

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The large number of species which cause parasitic infestations and the wide variety of routes and factors of their transmission give great relevance to systematic veterinary-sanitary research into environmental objects, necessarily paying attention to local natural-climatic conditions, social structure and the activities of the population. This problem is most often studied by medical researchers and ecologists, and the extent of studies on this topic from a veterinary-sanitary point of view is insufficient, which conditioned our choice of the current scientific study. Our goal was determining the level of contamination of urbanized territories with exogenous forms of helminths. The research was conducted during 2010–2018 in the territory of Kharkiv Oblast of Ukraine. During the study, we examined 41 samples of soil, extracted both in rural areas, and in urban conditions, and also 100 samples of feces of animals and birds. During the examination of soil from rural areas in Kharkiv Oblast and soil in Kharkiv and Balakleia, we found that it was contaminated with eggs of helminths of different morphotypes. It was determined that mean level of contamination of soil in rural area equaled 12.5%. At the same time, the level of contamination of soil of river banks was 15% at intensity of 52 ± 5 eggs/kg of soil and 10.0% in meadows at intensity of 54 ± 8 eggs/kg of soil. The level of contamination of the soil of park zones of urbanized territories with exogenous stages of helminths was 5–55% and that of residential zones of cities was 20.0–23.3%. In general, in the samples of soil, eggs of Strongilata, Ascaridata, Trichocephalus and Cestoda were isolated, and in the soil of rural areas also eggs of Trematoda class. It was proved that cattle and small ruminants discharge feces into the environment which have highest number of eggs of Strongylata spp. helminths (285 ± 3 eggs/g of feces). Excrement of infested birds contaminate the environment with exogenous forms of helminths of Trichocephalata (Capillaria spp.) suborder (101 ± 7 eggs/g of feces). In cities, dogs and cats, infested with helminths, discharge into the environment feces with eggs of parasites that belong to Toxocara spp. (75 ± 4 eggs/g) and Dipylidium caninum (6 ± 1 eggs/g). Droppings of infested birds contaminate the environment with exogenous forms of helminthes of Strongylata spp. (57 ± 2 eggs/g), Аscaridia spp. (19 ± 4 eggs/g) and Capillaria spp. (11 ± 2 eggs/g).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Contamination of urbanized territories with eggs of helmiths of animals

et al. 2019

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“…Infection occurs through the ingestion of infective eggs, most often from soil or other environmental surfaces that have been contaminated with faeces from infected animals. Examination of soil or sand from parks and playgrounds often demonstrates infective Toxocara eggs, which might remain infectious for long periods of time (even years) in the environment [18]. When ingested, the eggs hatch and larvae migrate in the tissues, most often to the liver, but on occasion to other sites such as the eye and central nervous system (CNS).…”

Section: The Most Commonly Reported Hiementioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye

2011

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Nowaday, zoonoses are an important cause of human parasitic diseases worldwide and a major threat to the socio-economic development, mainly in developing countries. Importantly, zoonotic helminths that affect human eyes (HIE) may cause blindness with severe socio-economic consequences to human communities. These infections include nematodes, cestodes and trematodes, which may be transmitted by vectors (dirofilariasis, onchocerciasis, thelaziasis), food consumption (sparganosis, trichinellosis) and those acquired indirectly from the environment (ascariasis, echinococcosis, fascioliasis). Adult and/or larval stages of HIE may localize into human ocular tissues externally (i.e., lachrymal glands, eyelids, conjunctival sacs) or into the ocular globe (i.e., intravitreous retina, anterior and or posterior chamber) causing symptoms due to the parasitic localization in the eyes or to the immune reaction they elicit in the host. Unfortunately, data on HIE are scant and mostly limited to case reports from different countries. The biology and epidemiology of the most frequently reported HIE are discussed as well as clinical description of the diseases, diagnostic considerations and video clips on their presentation and surgical treatment.Homines amplius oculis, quam auribus creduntSeneca Ep 6,5Men believe their eyes more than their ears

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“…Numerous studies have been carried out to establish the level of environmental contamination with Toxocara species eggs (O'Lorcain , Carden et al . , Kirchheimer & Jacobs ) but relatively few studies have been carried out to establish the prevalence of Toxocara species and other intestinal nematode infections in UK cats and dogs. The highly sensitive egg counting technique, FLOTAC (Cringoli et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent studies have found varying levels of contamination and degree of embryonation leading to a range of views as to the significance of this potential transmission route (Overgaauw & van Knapen 2013 ). Numerous studies have been carried out to establish the level of environmental contamination with Toxocara species eggs (O ' Lorcain 1994, Carden et al . 2003, Kirchheimer & Jacobs 2008 but relatively few studies have been carried out to establish the prevalence of Toxocara species and other intestinal nematode infections in UK cats and dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%