Toona sureni (blume) merr. Seeds invigoration using ⁶⁰ Co Gamma-Rays irradiation

Abstract

Deteriorated seeds can be improved by invigoration treatment, including gamma-ray irradiation by . The purpose of this study was to determine the proper dose of gamma-ray irradiation ( 60 Co) to increase the decreased vigor of suren (Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.) seeds. This study uses a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with aging and irradiation as the treatments. Aging factors consisted of 0, 2, and 4 days. Irradiation factor consisted of 7 levels, namely 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 Gy, repeated four times. The parameters observed were the electrical conductivity, germination percentage, germination speed, and seedling height. The results showed that Seed aging treatment significantly affected Suren seed germination with 75% (2 days aging) and 56% (4 days aging) germination. The 40 Gy dose of gamma-ray irradiation could increase germination percentage and germination speed of low suren seed vigor increasing 51.42% and 60.21%, respectively. Simultaneously, the cell membrane damage of stored suren increased with gamma-ray irradiation treatment of more than 40 Gy based on electrical conductivity. In seeds with high germination, such as seeds without aging and seed aging for two days with a germination percentage of 80% and 75%, respectively, the invigoration treatment was not effective. Invigoration treatment was effective in increasing the deteriorated or low viability and vigor of the suren seeds.

The Changes in Seed Germination Capacity, Seedling Growth, and Leaf Morphology of Ficus variegata Blume Influenced by Gamma-Ray Irradiation

“…The positive impact of a low dose of gamma irradiation (below 100 Gy) and the negative impact of high dose irradiation (above 100 Gy) on seed viability have been reported on Carica papaya (Chan and Lam 2002), Pterocarpus santalinus , Cajanus cajan (Desai and Rao 2014), Fagraea fragrans (Zanzibar et al 2015), and Toona sureni (Zanzibar et al 2021). Higher seed viability caused by irradiation was possibly due to the activation of RNA/protein synthesis or growth inhibition of the population of some bacteria or fungi in the seeds (Majeed et al 2009).…”

“…The three seed lots were then given radiation treatment, which was 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 Gy, using a gamma cell 220 with 60 Co [Cobalt-60] radiation source and a rate of 6645.7 Gy per hour. The doses used in this study refer to the results of research conducted on Falcataria moluccana and Toona sureni, where the recommended dose is below 240 Gy (Bramasto et al 2016;Zanzibar et al 2021). The number of seeds tip, and leaf shape.…”

“…Biochemical changes due to gamma irradiation affect the process of cellular metabolism that, at some level, can break down chemical inhibitors germination and increase cell division to influence seedling growth (Araújo et al 2016;Kumar et al 2019). Improving seed germination and seedling development was reported on Fagraea fragrans (Zanzibar et al 2015), Magnolia champaca (Zanzibar and Sudrajat 2016), Neolamarckia cadamba (Suhartanto et al 2018), and Toona sureni (Zanzibar et al 2021). Celik and Atak (2017) and Hong et al (2022) mentioned that gamma irradiation induces changes in the mutation rate, cytogenetic biological responses, the structure of the DNA molecule, and its function, which plays a role at the cellular and systemic levels and creates macroscopic phenotypic variations.…”

Provenance variation in seed storability of jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) and their response to seed invigoration by priming and gamma irradiation treatments

“…Gamma irradiation in low doses is able to stimulate early germination by increasing enzyme activity, increasing cell division, and stimulation by activation of RNA/protein synthesis or the phenomenon that irradiation inhibited the population of bacteria/fungi carried inherently by the seeds so that the seed could germinate better (Iglesias-Andreu et al 2012;Araújo et al 2016). Gamma irradiation has been studied on several tropical tree species, such as Magnolia champaca and Toona sureni (Zanzibar and Sudrajat 2016;Zanzibar et al 2021). However, in general, the application of invigoration in the practice of tropical forest tree nurseries in Indonesia is still limited (Syamsuwida et al 2020).…”