The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Improving Educational Research Through the Development of Educational Paradigms

“…In his writings Kuhn (1970aKuhn ( , 1970b has been vague about how paradigmatic disputes are resolved, suggesting simply that the specifics of this process probably could be understood with the assistance of psychology and sociology. This is an area where we think Kuhn's critics have raised legitimate criticisms (of.…”

“…Although Kuhn's (1970b) research suggests that the "acquisition of a (dominant) paradigm and of the more esoteric type of research it permits is a sign of maturity in the development of any given scientific field" (p. 11), we think educational scientists and practitioners should be sensitive to the warnings of Feyerabend (1970Feyerabend ( , 1978 and Popper (1970), who fear that Kuhn's notion of progress through paradigms will lead to intellectual stagnation and dogmatism. Thompson, Hawkes, and Avery (1969) have observed that the scientist who is overly disciplined to current theories and to current experimental evidence is not the one who will achieve creative insight.... Scientific insight usually comes from someone on the periphery of a discipline rather than someone squarely in that discipline, (pp.…”

“…In fact, the philosophical and epistemological soulsearching that currently pervades the social sciences also has been occurring in the physical sciences (e.g., see Kuhn, 1970b;Lakatos & Musgrave, 1970;Toulmin, 1972). Kuhn's (1970b) research, for example, challenges the traditional realist belief that the physical sciences have historically progressed through the accumulation of context-free facts; instead it suggests that researchers in the physical sciences have always progressed through a variation of the idealist epistemology, an epistemology we will henceforth refer to as the paradigmatic epistemology.…”

“…We believe that implementing a variation of the idealist epistemology in education would improve the effectiveness of educational science and would help resolve the field's feelings of self-doubt. The variation of the idealist epistemology that we have proposed is founded on the history-of-science research of Thomas Kuhn (1970b).…”

International Business, International Management, and International Strategy

“…Managers "plan, organize, staff, direct and evaluate" and "make decisions" with the goal of adding value to an organization (1999,204). Following Kuhn (1962), Boddewyn also argues that "management is a historically and socially constructed process" (1999,205). The scope and focus of management is also addressed by Martinez and Toyne (2000), who examine three separate approaches to defining management as a field of inquiry: those of Koontz (1961Koontz ( , 1980, the Academy of Management's organizational structure, and Hofstede (1980Hofstede ( , 1993.…”