“…The domain of IB research is, in effect, a big umbrella covering the international/cross-border aspects of all business disciplines. Thus, IM and IE can be viewed as subfields of IB (see also discussions in Eden, Dai and Li ( 2010 ) on IM and IB and in Verbeke & Ciravegna ( 2018 ) on IE and IB).…”
International business (IB) research is designed to explore and explain the inherent complexity of international business, which arises from the multiplicity of entities, multiplexity of interactions, and dynamism of the global economic system. To analyze this complexity, IB scholars have developed four research lenses: difference, distance, diversity, and disparity. These four lenses on complexity have created not only unique research opportunities for IB scholarship but also unique research methodological challenges. We therefore view
complexity as the underlying cause of the unique methodological challenges facing international business research.
We offer several recommendations to help IB scholars embrace this complexity and conduct reliable, interesting, and practically relevant research.
“…The domain of IB research is, in effect, a big umbrella covering the international/cross-border aspects of all business disciplines. Thus, IM and IE can be viewed as subfields of IB (see also discussions in Eden, Dai and Li ( 2010 ) on IM and IB and in Verbeke & Ciravegna ( 2018 ) on IE and IB).…”
International business (IB) research is designed to explore and explain the inherent complexity of international business, which arises from the multiplicity of entities, multiplexity of interactions, and dynamism of the global economic system. To analyze this complexity, IB scholars have developed four research lenses: difference, distance, diversity, and disparity. These four lenses on complexity have created not only unique research opportunities for IB scholarship but also unique research methodological challenges. We therefore view
complexity as the underlying cause of the unique methodological challenges facing international business research.
We offer several recommendations to help IB scholars embrace this complexity and conduct reliable, interesting, and practically relevant research.
“…Such perspective assumes that the interplay between international business performance and international strategic management. Here, in line with Eden, Dai, and Li (: 61), the international strategy deals with “the major intended and emergent initiatives, including cross‐border ones, taken by general managers on behalf of owners, involving utilization of domestic and/or foreign resources to enhance the performance of firms in the international environment.” Generally speaking, Neugebauer, Figge, and Hahn (: 323) posits that “in strategy research, there is a consensus that strategy making resides on a continuum from planned to emergent where most strategies are made in a mixed way.” Nevertheless, it is widely argued that deliberate (planned) strategies are paramount for SMEs or for new companies to succeed and acquire business performance and efficiency in a versatile, ever changing business environment (Gabler, Panagopoulos, Vlachos, & Rapp, ; Vătămănescu, Gazzola, Dincă, & Pezzetti, ). Here, consistent with Dauber et al (: 7), managers' behaviours emerge as “observable manifestations (phenomena) of predefined strategies as regulated by organizational structures (…).…”
Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning
The current paper aims to address, within a comprehensive framework, two different facets of the internationalization strategies of small and medium‐sized enterprises, that is, the roles of psychic distance and global mindset within managerial dyadic collaborations. By considering cross‐border ventures as outcomes of deliberate managerial strategies in the quest for achieving international business performance, the study lays emphasis on several dimensions apposite to each of the two constructs, namely, geographic distance and intercultural compatibility for the psychic distance and trust‐based relationships and network‐based connectivity for the global mindset. A questionnaire‐based survey with top managers from 112 European industrial small and medium‐sized enterprises was conducted, the data being processed by means of a structural equation modelling technique. The findings showed that the structural model accounts for 63.9% of the variance in international business performance, whereas the dimensions of psychic distance exert significant positive influences on the endogenous variable.
“…In line with the sixth subdimension of IB (Eden et al , 2010), this study seeks to enlighten “cross-country comparisons” of business, or in this case, entrepreneurial environments. Despite being of great interest to practitioners, economists and policymakers, cross-country comparisons merit further attention in the IB literature.…”
Purpose
The purpose of this work is to explore what determines a country’s entrepreneurial environment attractiveness, by understanding how countries compare regarding their business environment and entrepreneurial opportunities and whether such aspects have changed over time.
Design/methodology/approach
Through a longitudinal country-level cluster analysis of business environments (years 2001 and 2016), this study captures changes in classification of both emerging and developed market economies throughout an attractiveness spectrum, from least to most attractive environments.
Findings
Interesting findings involve the difference in trajectories of emerging economies, such as India compared to the stagnation of Brazil, Argentina and South Korea in the 15-year period. The paper seeks to contribute to the debate on the attractiveness of the entrepreneurial environment beyond the simple notion of most and least economically developed countries by providing a framework for dynamic cross-country analysis of entrepreneurial environmental attractiveness that can be further explored, tested and expanded.
Research limitations/implications
Main limitations relate to the non-exhaustive sample of countries and variables. Contributions are both academic and managerial: helping to fill important research gaps in international entrepreneurship, namely, environmental conditions, cross-country comparisons (Coombs et al., 2009) and the understanding of elements of the investment climate (Stern, 2002); and assisting managers, entrepreneurs and policymakers understand what defines a country’s entrepreneurial environment attractiveness to better evaluate potential locations for investment.
Originality/value
The originality of the paper lies in using cluster analysis in a longitudinal study of country attractiveness, as well as in advancing the debate of country attractiveness, by adding a temporal dimension (from factors that are less structural to more conjunctural) and a comparative dimension in a new cross-country comparison framework of analysis.
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